15. Using Models for Environmental Security
303
Desertification Displacement Loss of Enroachment Reduced soil
Migration of
herding productive on fragile
moisture can African
populace lands forests increase runoff
nomads
and reduce
recharge
Waste disposal
Contamination Toxic
Poisoning of Toxic
of surface and exposure
water supplies exposures;
groundwater and
fish
contamination
and fish of water resources and food chain
Water Quantity Freshwater fish Increased Reduced Highly Freshwater fish Increased
lost; reduced migration irrigation
variable lost; reduced migration
productivity in
and grazing impacts by productivity in
estuaries regions estuaries
Quality Toxicity and Increased Salinity Acid-rain
Toxicity and Disease
bioaccumulation rates of reduces damage bioaccumulation increases
of toxics disease productivity
of toxins
in developing countries
Oceans Overfishing Loss of fish;
Overfishing is Loss of fish
endangers stocks disease
endangering protein;
exposure stocks disease
Table 15.2 (Continued)