Clustering (cont.)
Ward, 68, 87, 88, 100, 102, 109, 135, 196, 409
WPGMA, 66
WPGMC, 66, 67
c-means, see Clustering, c-means
Co-correspondence analysis (CoCA), 203, 204,
268, 271–274, 297
Coefficient
RV, 281, 282, 286, 287
Co-inertia analysis (CoIA), 203, 204, 271, 274,
277–281, 290, 291, 297
Collinearity, 225, 231
Community table, see Table, community
Community-weighted means (CWM), 405, 406
Complete linkage, see Clustering, complete
linkage
Confidence interval, see Interval, confidence
CONISS, 138
Contingency table, see Table, contingency
Co-occurrence, 115, 117–119
Cophenetic correlation, see Correlation,
cophenetic
Cophenetic distance, see Distance, cophenetic
Correction
Bonferroni, 116, 308, 356
Cailliez, 188, 192, 251
Holm, 109, 134, 290, 306–308, 387, 388
Lingoes, 187, 188, 192, 250, 251
Correlation, 300–302, 304, 306, 307, 315, 316,
320, 323, 325, 327, 334, 335, 348,
350, 354, 355, 359, 360, 365
cophenetic, 71–74
Kendall, 51, 53, 54, 112–115
Pearson, 51, 53–55, 71, 120, 125, 168, 170,
175, 281, 289, 303, 306
spatial, 299, 301, 303–309, 320, 327, 333,
346, 347, 355, 356, 358, 359
autocorrelation, 300–302, 304, 355, 359,
360, 365
negative, 304, 306, 334, 348, 350
positive, 304, 306, 307, 315, 316, 320,
323, 325, 327, 335, 348, 354
Spearman, 51, 53, 115, 118, 170
temporal, 363
Correlogram, 299, 303–308, 314, 335
Correspondence analysis (CA), 35, 55, 151,
153–189, 194, 201, 203, 204, 216,
256–263, 271, 274, 278, 282, 291
detrended (DCA), 182, 183
multiple (MCA), 151, 153, 183–187, 282, 283
Covariance, 36, 52, 53, 55, 153, 154, 156, 159,
169, 170, 187, 206, 264, 275, 277,
281, 283, 308
Cross-validation, 127, 128, 130, 171, 267,
268, 272
Cross-validated relative error (CVRE), 128–130
Cutting level, see Level, cutting
D
Data matrix, see Matrix, data
dbMEM, see Distance-based Moran's
eigenvector maps (dbMEM)
db-RDA, see Redundancy analysis (RDA),
distance-based (db-RDA)
DCA, see Correspondence analysis (CA),
detrended (DCA)
Delaunay, 334, 335, 339, 342
Dendrogram, 61, 62, 65, 67, 68, 71, 74, 75,
77–80, 83, 85, 89–93, 95, 139, 140,
164, 405, 409
Dependence, 35, 36, 51–55, 332, 372
Descriptor, 21, 30, 35, 36, 46, 59, 60, 129, 142,
151, 156, 157, 170, 187, 256, 263,
282, 299, 316, 325
Detrending, 182, 183, 314, 328, 356, 359
Discriminant function, see Function,
discriminant
Dispersion matrix, see Matrix, dispersion
Dissimilarity
Bray-Curtis, 39, 42, 44, 97, 98, 139, 188,
250, 385, 390
Jaccard, 36, 38, 39, 42, 45, 46, 52, 56, 57,
103, 115, 118, 188, 192, 250, 384,
385, 389, 391–398
percentage difference, 39, 42, 44, 56, 97, 98,
139, 188, 189, 192–194, 196, 250,
251, 384, 385, 390, 391
Ružička, 56, 385, 389, 391, 392
Sørensen, 38, 42, 52, 56, 57, 103, 188, 192,
250, 384, 385, 389, 391–393
Steinhaus, 39
Dissimilarity matrix, see Matrix, dissimilarity
Distance
chi-square (χ
2
), 35, 39, 42, 52, 168, 175,
182, 187, 385
chord, 39, 40, 63, 64, 66–68, 70, 72, 97,
130, 142–144, 385
class, 304, 306–308, 335, 337, 355, 356
cophenetic, 71, 72, 74, 408
Euclidean, 35, 36, 39, 40, 42, 46–48, 55–57,
97, 98, 103, 153, 156, 157, 166, 170,
175, 187, 190, 198, 216, 217, 250,
278, 333, 335, 345, 384
Hellinger, 39, 40, 56, 190
log-chord, 40, 42, 56, 170
428
Index
Ward, 68, 87, 88, 100, 102, 109, 135, 196, 409
WPGMA, 66
WPGMC, 66, 67
c-means, see Clustering, c-means
Co-correspondence analysis (CoCA), 203, 204,
268, 271–274, 297
Coefficient
RV, 281, 282, 286, 287
Co-inertia analysis (CoIA), 203, 204, 271, 274,
277–281, 290, 291, 297
Collinearity, 225, 231
Community table, see Table, community
Community-weighted means (CWM), 405, 406
Complete linkage, see Clustering, complete
linkage
Confidence interval, see Interval, confidence
CONISS, 138
Contingency table, see Table, contingency
Co-occurrence, 115, 117–119
Cophenetic correlation, see Correlation,
cophenetic
Cophenetic distance, see Distance, cophenetic
Correction
Bonferroni, 116, 308, 356
Cailliez, 188, 192, 251
Holm, 109, 134, 290, 306–308, 387, 388
Lingoes, 187, 188, 192, 250, 251
Correlation, 300–302, 304, 306, 307, 315, 316,
320, 323, 325, 327, 334, 335, 348,
350, 354, 355, 359, 360, 365
cophenetic, 71–74
Kendall, 51, 53, 54, 112–115
Pearson, 51, 53–55, 71, 120, 125, 168, 170,
175, 281, 289, 303, 306
spatial, 299, 301, 303–309, 320, 327, 333,
346, 347, 355, 356, 358, 359
autocorrelation, 300–302, 304, 355, 359,
360, 365
negative, 304, 306, 334, 348, 350
positive, 304, 306, 307, 315, 316, 320,
323, 325, 327, 335, 348, 354
Spearman, 51, 53, 115, 118, 170
temporal, 363
Correlogram, 299, 303–308, 314, 335
Correspondence analysis (CA), 35, 55, 151,
153–189, 194, 201, 203, 204, 216,
256–263, 271, 274, 278, 282, 291
detrended (DCA), 182, 183
multiple (MCA), 151, 153, 183–187, 282, 283
Covariance, 36, 52, 53, 55, 153, 154, 156, 159,
169, 170, 187, 206, 264, 275, 277,
281, 283, 308
Cross-validation, 127, 128, 130, 171, 267,
268, 272
Cross-validated relative error (CVRE), 128–130
Cutting level, see Level, cutting
D
Data matrix, see Matrix, data
dbMEM, see Distance-based Moran's
eigenvector maps (dbMEM)
db-RDA, see Redundancy analysis (RDA),
distance-based (db-RDA)
DCA, see Correspondence analysis (CA),
detrended (DCA)
Delaunay, 334, 335, 339, 342
Dendrogram, 61, 62, 65, 67, 68, 71, 74, 75,
77–80, 83, 85, 89–93, 95, 139, 140,
164, 405, 409
Dependence, 35, 36, 51–55, 332, 372
Descriptor, 21, 30, 35, 36, 46, 59, 60, 129, 142,
151, 156, 157, 170, 187, 256, 263,
282, 299, 316, 325
Detrending, 182, 183, 314, 328, 356, 359
Discriminant function, see Function,
discriminant
Dispersion matrix, see Matrix, dispersion
Dissimilarity
Bray-Curtis, 39, 42, 44, 97, 98, 139, 188,
250, 385, 390
Jaccard, 36, 38, 39, 42, 45, 46, 52, 56, 57,
103, 115, 118, 188, 192, 250, 384,
385, 389, 391–398
percentage difference, 39, 42, 44, 56, 97, 98,
139, 188, 189, 192–194, 196, 250,
251, 384, 385, 390, 391
Ružička, 56, 385, 389, 391, 392
Sørensen, 38, 42, 52, 56, 57, 103, 188, 192,
250, 384, 385, 389, 391–393
Steinhaus, 39
Dissimilarity matrix, see Matrix, dissimilarity
Distance
chi-square (χ
2
), 35, 39, 42, 52, 168, 175,
182, 187, 385
chord, 39, 40, 63, 64, 66–68, 70, 72, 97,
130, 142–144, 385
class, 304, 306–308, 335, 337, 355, 356
cophenetic, 71, 72, 74, 408
Euclidean, 35, 36, 39, 40, 42, 46–48, 55–57,
97, 98, 103, 153, 156, 157, 166, 170,
175, 187, 190, 198, 216, 217, 250,
278, 333, 335, 345, 384
Hellinger, 39, 40, 56, 190
log-chord, 40, 42, 56, 170
428
Index