126
J.G. Tundisi and T. Matsumura-Tundisi
9.3.4 Fish Fauna
The fish fauna (otter trawl) in Trapande Bay (Zani Teixeira 1983) is represented by 68 species of 52 genera and 23 families. Sciaenidae (15 species),
Carangidae (lO),Ariidae (7), and Engraulidae (7) are the best-represented
families, while Ariidae and Carangidae represent 51 and 2 7 o/o of the catch,
respectively. Common species in inshore regions and near the Trapande
Bay inlet are Arius spixii, Chloroscombrus chrysurus, Genidens genidens,
Eucinostomus argenteus, Anchoa filifera, Isoposthus parvipinnis, Harengula
clupeola, Stellifer rastrifer, Micropogonias furnieri, Netuma barba, Oligoplites saurus, Macrodon ancylodon, Peprilus paru, Pellona Harroweri,
Menticirrhus americanus, and Achirus sp. Most species are of marine origin but prefer waters of lower salinity to coastal waters. The only typically
estuarine species is Cynoscion microlepidotus.
9.4 Nutrient Cycles, Energy Flow, and Food Chains
The nutrient dynamics of the lagoon region are influenced by inorganic
nutrient runoff from the Tropical Atlantic forest, dissolved and particulate organic matter input, phytoplankton biomass, and decomposition in
tidal creeks of the upper estuary (Schaeffer-Novelli et al. 1990). Mangrove
litter (9.02 tons ha- 1 year- 1 , 65 o/o leaves and 23 o/o fruits) significantly contributes to organic matter production, which is added to rivers and
channels and decomposes in sediments and waters of the lagoon region
where high temperatures (36 oc at noon) of surface waters are fundamental for rapid decomposition cycles (Menezes 1994). In general, particulate organic carbon (POC) levels are similar to inshore waters elsewhere. Elevated POC ( 40-324 Jlg 1- 1 ) reflects input from the land and high
standing stock and productivity in the water column. The dominance of
POC particle sizes between 0-4 and 10-50 Jlm suggests that phytoplankton does not represent a principal source of detritus-derived POC in surface waters of Cananeia. Phytoplankton POC contributions only become
important during bloom periods and in January, April, June, and August
when phytoplankton carbon may constitute up to 72 o/o of POC (Mesquita
1983).
Bacterial populations largely develop in upper estuarine regions
with high organic matter concentration. Bacterial densities (mean
8.84 x 10 8 cells l- 1 ) vary between 6 x 10 9 cells l- 1 in summer (NovemberJanuary) and 4 x 10 6 cells l- 1 in winter (June-August), with approximately
46.5% of the bacteria attached to detritus. Approximately 10 o/o of gross
J.G. Tundisi and T. Matsumura-Tundisi
9.3.4 Fish Fauna
The fish fauna (otter trawl) in Trapande Bay (Zani Teixeira 1983) is represented by 68 species of 52 genera and 23 families. Sciaenidae (15 species),
Carangidae (lO),Ariidae (7), and Engraulidae (7) are the best-represented
families, while Ariidae and Carangidae represent 51 and 2 7 o/o of the catch,
respectively. Common species in inshore regions and near the Trapande
Bay inlet are Arius spixii, Chloroscombrus chrysurus, Genidens genidens,
Eucinostomus argenteus, Anchoa filifera, Isoposthus parvipinnis, Harengula
clupeola, Stellifer rastrifer, Micropogonias furnieri, Netuma barba, Oligoplites saurus, Macrodon ancylodon, Peprilus paru, Pellona Harroweri,
Menticirrhus americanus, and Achirus sp. Most species are of marine origin but prefer waters of lower salinity to coastal waters. The only typically
estuarine species is Cynoscion microlepidotus.
9.4 Nutrient Cycles, Energy Flow, and Food Chains
The nutrient dynamics of the lagoon region are influenced by inorganic
nutrient runoff from the Tropical Atlantic forest, dissolved and particulate organic matter input, phytoplankton biomass, and decomposition in
tidal creeks of the upper estuary (Schaeffer-Novelli et al. 1990). Mangrove
litter (9.02 tons ha- 1 year- 1 , 65 o/o leaves and 23 o/o fruits) significantly contributes to organic matter production, which is added to rivers and
channels and decomposes in sediments and waters of the lagoon region
where high temperatures (36 oc at noon) of surface waters are fundamental for rapid decomposition cycles (Menezes 1994). In general, particulate organic carbon (POC) levels are similar to inshore waters elsewhere. Elevated POC ( 40-324 Jlg 1- 1 ) reflects input from the land and high
standing stock and productivity in the water column. The dominance of
POC particle sizes between 0-4 and 10-50 Jlm suggests that phytoplankton does not represent a principal source of detritus-derived POC in surface waters of Cananeia. Phytoplankton POC contributions only become
important during bloom periods and in January, April, June, and August
when phytoplankton carbon may constitute up to 72 o/o of POC (Mesquita
1983).
Bacterial populations largely develop in upper estuarine regions
with high organic matter concentration. Bacterial densities (mean
8.84 x 10 8 cells l- 1 ) vary between 6 x 10 9 cells l- 1 in summer (NovemberJanuary) and 4 x 10 6 cells l- 1 in winter (June-August), with approximately
46.5% of the bacteria attached to detritus. Approximately 10 o/o of gross