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13.4.2 International Framework for Coastal Management
Changes in the global environment including water, atmosphere, and climate have
led to a serious decline of biodiversity. This, in turn, has led to the deterioration of
various ecosystem services, which has increased concern about significant changes
in local traditions and regional cultures as well as economic activity. Therefore, in
2012 the IPBES was founded to realize a sustainable world coexisting with nature,
to adequately reflect the results of natural science research in society and policy, and
to tackle various issues related to biodiversity and ecosystem services. The IPBES
Secretariat is set up in Bonn, Germany, and the first General Assembly was held in
2013 with 105 countries from around the world.
The IPBES aims to strengthen the linkage between science and policy on biodiversity and ecosystem services and to properly reflect scientific evidence in policies.
In other words, IPBES is expected to function as a biodiversity version of the
IPCC. Specifically, it has four key functions: generating knowledge, providing regular and timely assessments, supporting policy foundation and implementation, and
capacity building.
Establishing the IPBES was contemplated at the 10th Conference of the Parties
to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD-COP 10, hereafter COP 10) held
in Aichi, Japan, in 2010. CBD is a framework corresponding to a biodiversity version of UNFCCC. In 2006, there was a lively discussion about the following five
topics at CBD-COP 8, especially in reference to COP 8 Decision VIII/20 (Biological
diversity of inland water ecosystems: reporting processes, improving the review of
implementation and addressing threats), Decision VIII/21 (Marine and coastal biological diversity: conservation and sustainable use of deep seabed genetic resources
beyond the limits of national jurisdiction), Decision VIII/22 (Marine and coastal
biodiversity: enhancing the implementation of integrated marine and coastal area
management), and Decision VIII/24 (Protected areas):
1. Compiling scientific criteria for identifying Ecologically or Biologically
Significant Marine Areas to promote the protection of marine and coastal
biodiversity;
2. Promoting efforts to construct a network of marine protected areas by 2012;
3. Providing scientific support to promote biodiversity conservation in the high
seas, including open ocean waters and deep sea habitats;
4. Cooperating with relevant organizations to estimate the impact of non- sustainable
fisheries;
5. Considering the impact of ocean acidification related to climate change.
These decisions were mostly included in the Aichi Targets at COP 10, which is
an action plan to prevent further loss of biodiversity and is also included in some
Sustainable Development Goals described later.
Among the Aichi Targets, direct goals regarding marine and coastal biodiversity
are as follows:
T. Kuwae and M. Hori
13.4.2 International Framework for Coastal Management
Changes in the global environment including water, atmosphere, and climate have
led to a serious decline of biodiversity. This, in turn, has led to the deterioration of
various ecosystem services, which has increased concern about significant changes
in local traditions and regional cultures as well as economic activity. Therefore, in
2012 the IPBES was founded to realize a sustainable world coexisting with nature,
to adequately reflect the results of natural science research in society and policy, and
to tackle various issues related to biodiversity and ecosystem services. The IPBES
Secretariat is set up in Bonn, Germany, and the first General Assembly was held in
2013 with 105 countries from around the world.
The IPBES aims to strengthen the linkage between science and policy on biodiversity and ecosystem services and to properly reflect scientific evidence in policies.
In other words, IPBES is expected to function as a biodiversity version of the
IPCC. Specifically, it has four key functions: generating knowledge, providing regular and timely assessments, supporting policy foundation and implementation, and
capacity building.
Establishing the IPBES was contemplated at the 10th Conference of the Parties
to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD-COP 10, hereafter COP 10) held
in Aichi, Japan, in 2010. CBD is a framework corresponding to a biodiversity version of UNFCCC. In 2006, there was a lively discussion about the following five
topics at CBD-COP 8, especially in reference to COP 8 Decision VIII/20 (Biological
diversity of inland water ecosystems: reporting processes, improving the review of
implementation and addressing threats), Decision VIII/21 (Marine and coastal biological diversity: conservation and sustainable use of deep seabed genetic resources
beyond the limits of national jurisdiction), Decision VIII/22 (Marine and coastal
biodiversity: enhancing the implementation of integrated marine and coastal area
management), and Decision VIII/24 (Protected areas):
1. Compiling scientific criteria for identifying Ecologically or Biologically
Significant Marine Areas to promote the protection of marine and coastal
biodiversity;
2. Promoting efforts to construct a network of marine protected areas by 2012;
3. Providing scientific support to promote biodiversity conservation in the high
seas, including open ocean waters and deep sea habitats;
4. Cooperating with relevant organizations to estimate the impact of non- sustainable
fisheries;
5. Considering the impact of ocean acidification related to climate change.
These decisions were mostly included in the Aichi Targets at COP 10, which is
an action plan to prevent further loss of biodiversity and is also included in some
Sustainable Development Goals described later.
Among the Aichi Targets, direct goals regarding marine and coastal biodiversity
are as follows:
T. Kuwae and M. Hori