249
Klaassen W, Spilmont N (2012) Inter-annual variability of CO 2 exchanges between an emersed
tidal flat and the atmosphere. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 100:18–25
Laruelle GG, Dürr HH, Slomp CP, Borges AV (2010) Evaluation of sinks and sources of CO 2 in
the global coastal ocean using a spatially-explicit typology of estuaries and continental shelves.
Geophys Res Lett 37:L15607
Laruelle GG, Durr HH, Lauerwald R, Hartmann J, Slomp CP, Goossens N, Regnier PAG (2013)
Global multi-scale segmentation of continental and coastal waters from the watersheds to the
continental margin. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 17:2029–2051
Magenheimer JF, Moore TR, Chmura GL, Daoust RJ (1996) Methane and carbon flux from a
macrotidal salt marsh, Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick. Estuaries 19:39–145
Middelburg JJ, Klaver G, Nieuwenhuize J, Wielemaker A, De Haas W, Vlug T, Van der Nat
J (1996) Organic matter mineralization in intertidal sediments along an estuarine gradient. Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 132:157–168
Migné A, Davoult D, Spilmont N, Menu D, Boucher G, Gattuso JP, Rybarczyk H (2002) A closedchamber CO 2 -flux method for estimating intertidal primary production and respiration under
emersed conditions. Mar Biol 140:865–869
Migné A, Spilmont N, Davoult D (2004) In situ measurements of benthic primary production
during emersion: seasonal variations and annual production in the Bay of Sommoe (eastern
English Channel, France). Cont Shelf Res 24:1437–1449
Migné A, Davoult D, Spilmont N, Ouisse V, Boucher G (2016) Spatial and temporal variability
of CO 2 fluxes at the sediment-air interface in a tidal flat of a temperate lagoon (arcachon bay,
France). J Sea Res 109:13–19
Nellemann C, Corcoran E, Duarte C M, Valdés L, De Young C, Fonseca L, Grimsditch G (2009)
Blue carbon. A rapid response assessment. United Nations Environment Programme, GRIDArendal (www.grida.no)
Otani S, Marikawa J (2017) Elucidation dynamics of carbon dioxide flux on salt marsh. J Jpn Soc
Civil Eng Ser B2 (Coastal Engineering) 73:1303–1308. (in Japanese)
Otani S, Kawasaki T, Endo T, Higashi K (2017) Seasonal change on characteristics of sediment
and carbon dioxide absorption/emission rate at mud river mouth tidal flat. J Jpn Soc Civil Eng
Ser B3 (Ocean Engineering) 73:630–635. (in Japanese)
Polsenaere P, Lamaud E, Lafon V, Bonnefond JM, Bretel P, Delille B, Deborde J, Loustau D, Abril
G (2012) Spatial and temporal CO 2 exchanges measured by Eddy Covariance over a temperate
intertidal flat and their relationships to net ecosystem production. Biogeosciences 9:249–268
Raymond PA, Cole JJ (2001) Gas exchange in rivers and estuaries: choosing a gas transfer velocity. Estuaries 24:312–317
Regnier P, Friedlingstein P, Ciais P, Mackenzie F, Gruber N, Janssens IA, Laruelle GG, Lauerwald
R, Luyssaert S, Andersson AJ (2013) Anthropogenic perturbation of the carbon fluxes from
land to ocean. Nat Geosci 6:597–607
Robertson AI (1986) Leaf-burying crabs: their influence on energy flow and export from mixed
mangrove forests (Rhizophora spp.) in northeastern Australia. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 102:237–248
Sasaki A, Hagimori Y, Yuasa I, Nakatsubo T (2012) Annual sediment respiration in estuarine sandy
intertidal flats in the Seto Inland Sea. Japan Landscape Ecol Eng 8:107–114
Schäfer KVR, Tripathee R, Artigas F, Morin TH, Bohrer G (2014) Carbon dioxide fluxes of an
urban tidal marsh in the Hudson-Raritan estuary. Biogeosciences 119:2065–2081
Skov MW, Hartnoll RG (2002) Paradoxical selective feeding on a low-nutrient diet: why do mangrove crabs eat leaves. Oecologia 131:1–7
Spilmont N, Migné A, Lefebvre A, Artigas LF, Rauch M, Davoult D (2005) Temporal variability of
intertidal benthic metabolism under emersed conditions in an exposed sandy beach (Wimereux,
eastern English Channel, France). J Sea Res 53:161–167
Tanaka K, Takikawa K (2006) Observational study on the CO 2 flux into atmosphere on the tidal
zone in the Ariake Sea. Annu J Coast Eng 53:1136–1140 (in Japanese)
8 CO 2 Flux in Tidal Flats and Salt Marshes
Klaassen W, Spilmont N (2012) Inter-annual variability of CO 2 exchanges between an emersed
tidal flat and the atmosphere. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 100:18–25
Laruelle GG, Dürr HH, Slomp CP, Borges AV (2010) Evaluation of sinks and sources of CO 2 in
the global coastal ocean using a spatially-explicit typology of estuaries and continental shelves.
Geophys Res Lett 37:L15607
Laruelle GG, Durr HH, Lauerwald R, Hartmann J, Slomp CP, Goossens N, Regnier PAG (2013)
Global multi-scale segmentation of continental and coastal waters from the watersheds to the
continental margin. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 17:2029–2051
Magenheimer JF, Moore TR, Chmura GL, Daoust RJ (1996) Methane and carbon flux from a
macrotidal salt marsh, Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick. Estuaries 19:39–145
Middelburg JJ, Klaver G, Nieuwenhuize J, Wielemaker A, De Haas W, Vlug T, Van der Nat
J (1996) Organic matter mineralization in intertidal sediments along an estuarine gradient. Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 132:157–168
Migné A, Davoult D, Spilmont N, Menu D, Boucher G, Gattuso JP, Rybarczyk H (2002) A closedchamber CO 2 -flux method for estimating intertidal primary production and respiration under
emersed conditions. Mar Biol 140:865–869
Migné A, Spilmont N, Davoult D (2004) In situ measurements of benthic primary production
during emersion: seasonal variations and annual production in the Bay of Sommoe (eastern
English Channel, France). Cont Shelf Res 24:1437–1449
Migné A, Davoult D, Spilmont N, Ouisse V, Boucher G (2016) Spatial and temporal variability
of CO 2 fluxes at the sediment-air interface in a tidal flat of a temperate lagoon (arcachon bay,
France). J Sea Res 109:13–19
Nellemann C, Corcoran E, Duarte C M, Valdés L, De Young C, Fonseca L, Grimsditch G (2009)
Blue carbon. A rapid response assessment. United Nations Environment Programme, GRIDArendal (www.grida.no)
Otani S, Marikawa J (2017) Elucidation dynamics of carbon dioxide flux on salt marsh. J Jpn Soc
Civil Eng Ser B2 (Coastal Engineering) 73:1303–1308. (in Japanese)
Otani S, Kawasaki T, Endo T, Higashi K (2017) Seasonal change on characteristics of sediment
and carbon dioxide absorption/emission rate at mud river mouth tidal flat. J Jpn Soc Civil Eng
Ser B3 (Ocean Engineering) 73:630–635. (in Japanese)
Polsenaere P, Lamaud E, Lafon V, Bonnefond JM, Bretel P, Delille B, Deborde J, Loustau D, Abril
G (2012) Spatial and temporal CO 2 exchanges measured by Eddy Covariance over a temperate
intertidal flat and their relationships to net ecosystem production. Biogeosciences 9:249–268
Raymond PA, Cole JJ (2001) Gas exchange in rivers and estuaries: choosing a gas transfer velocity. Estuaries 24:312–317
Regnier P, Friedlingstein P, Ciais P, Mackenzie F, Gruber N, Janssens IA, Laruelle GG, Lauerwald
R, Luyssaert S, Andersson AJ (2013) Anthropogenic perturbation of the carbon fluxes from
land to ocean. Nat Geosci 6:597–607
Robertson AI (1986) Leaf-burying crabs: their influence on energy flow and export from mixed
mangrove forests (Rhizophora spp.) in northeastern Australia. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 102:237–248
Sasaki A, Hagimori Y, Yuasa I, Nakatsubo T (2012) Annual sediment respiration in estuarine sandy
intertidal flats in the Seto Inland Sea. Japan Landscape Ecol Eng 8:107–114
Schäfer KVR, Tripathee R, Artigas F, Morin TH, Bohrer G (2014) Carbon dioxide fluxes of an
urban tidal marsh in the Hudson-Raritan estuary. Biogeosciences 119:2065–2081
Skov MW, Hartnoll RG (2002) Paradoxical selective feeding on a low-nutrient diet: why do mangrove crabs eat leaves. Oecologia 131:1–7
Spilmont N, Migné A, Lefebvre A, Artigas LF, Rauch M, Davoult D (2005) Temporal variability of
intertidal benthic metabolism under emersed conditions in an exposed sandy beach (Wimereux,
eastern English Channel, France). J Sea Res 53:161–167
Tanaka K, Takikawa K (2006) Observational study on the CO 2 flux into atmosphere on the tidal
zone in the Ariake Sea. Annu J Coast Eng 53:1136–1140 (in Japanese)
8 CO 2 Flux in Tidal Flats and Salt Marshes