248
References
Abril G, Commarieu MV, Sottolichio A, Bretel P, Guérin F (2009) Turbidity limits gas exchange
in a large macrotidal estuary. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 83:342–348
Artigas F, Shin JY, Hobble C, Marti-Donati A, Schäfer KVR, Pechmann I (2015) Long term carbon storage potential and CO 2 sink strength of a restored salt marsh in New Jersey. Agric For
Meteorol 200:313–321
Borges AV, Delille B, Schiettecatte LS, Gazeau F, Abril G, Frankignoulle M (2004a) Gas transfer
velocities of CO 2 in three European estuaries (Randers Fjord, Scheldt, and Thames). Limnol
Oceanogr 49:1630–1641
Borges AV, Vanderborght JP, Schiettecatte LS, Gazeau F, Ferrón-Smith S, Delille B, Frankignoulle
M (2004b) Variability of the gas transfer velocity of CO 2 in a macrotidal estuary (the Scheldt).
Estuaries 27:593–603
Borges AV, Delille B, Frankignoulle M (2005) Budgeting sinks and sources of CO 2 in the coastal
ocean: diversity of ecosystem counts. Geophys Res Lett 32:L14601
Borges AV, Schiettecatte LS, Abril G, Delille B, Gazeau F (2006) Carbon dioxide in European
coastal waters. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 70:375–387
Cahoon LB (1999) The role of benthic microalgae in neritic ecosystems. Oceanogr Mar Biol Annu
Rev 37:47–86
Cai WJ (2011) Estuarine and coastal ocean carbon paradox: CO 2 sinks or sites of terrestrial carbon
incineration? Annu Rev Mar Sci 3:123–145
Chen CTA, Huang TH, Chen YC, Bai Y, He X, Kang Y (2013) Air-sea exchanges of CO 2 in the
world’s coastal seas. Biogeosciences 10:6509–6544
Endo T, Otani S (2018) Chapter 5. Carbon storage in tidal flats. In: Kuwae T, Hori M (eds) Blue
carbon in shallow coastal ecosystems: carbon dynamics, policy, and implementation. Springer,
Singapore, pp 129–159
Endo T, Nakano Y, Ikada N, Tanaka T, Shimano J, Miyawaki K, Yamochi S (2015) Estimation of
CO 2 budget in the arttifical salt marsh developed at urban coastal zone by seasonal 24 hour field
investigations of CO 2 fluxes. J Jpn Soc Civil Eng Ser B2 (Coastal Engineering) 71:1327–1332
(in Japanese)
Endo T, Nakano Y, Ikada N (2016) Evaluation method of CO 2 exchange at the intertidal flat, the
sea surface and sea bottom of an artificial salt marsh in urban coastal zone. J Jpn Soc Civil Eng
Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering) 72:1447–1452 (in Japanese)
Flecha S, Huertas IE, Navarro G, Morris EP, Ruiz J (2015) Air-water CO 2 fluxes in a highly heterotrophic estuary. Estuar Coasts 38:2295–2309
Ford H, Garbutt A, Jones L, Jones DL (2012) Methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide fluxes
from a temperate salt marsh: grazing management does not alter global warming potential.
Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 113:182–191
Frankignoulle M, Abril G, Borges A, Bourge I, Canon C, Delille B, Libert E, Théate JM (1998)
Carbon dioxide emission from European estuaries. Science 282:434–436
Fujii T, Fujiwara T, Nakayama K (2013) Fluxes of carbon dioxide in the Eastern Regions of Osaka
Bay. J Jpn Soc Civil Eng Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering) 69:1111–1115. (in Japanese)
Guo H, Noormets A, Zhao B, Chen J, Sun G, Gu Y, Li B, Chen J (2009) Tidal effects on net ecosystem exchange of carbon in an estuarine wetland. Agric For Meteorol 149:1820–1828
Han G, Yang L, Yu J, Wang G, Mao P, Gao Y (2013) Environmental controls on net ecosystem CO 2
exchange over a reed (Phragmites australis) wetland in the Yellow River Delta. China Estuar
Coasts 36:401–413
Hofman PAG, de Jong SA, Wagenvoort EJ, Sandee AJJ (1991) Apparent sediment diffusion coefficients for oxygen consumption rates measured with microelectrodes and bell jars: applications
to oxygen budgets in estuarine intertidal sediments (Oosterschelde, SW Netherlands). Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 69:261–272
Jiang LQ, Cai WJ, Wang Y (2008) A comparative study of carbon dioxide degassing in river- and
marine-dominated estuaries. Limnol Oceanogr 53:2603–2615
S. Otani and T. Endo
References
Abril G, Commarieu MV, Sottolichio A, Bretel P, Guérin F (2009) Turbidity limits gas exchange
in a large macrotidal estuary. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 83:342–348
Artigas F, Shin JY, Hobble C, Marti-Donati A, Schäfer KVR, Pechmann I (2015) Long term carbon storage potential and CO 2 sink strength of a restored salt marsh in New Jersey. Agric For
Meteorol 200:313–321
Borges AV, Delille B, Schiettecatte LS, Gazeau F, Abril G, Frankignoulle M (2004a) Gas transfer
velocities of CO 2 in three European estuaries (Randers Fjord, Scheldt, and Thames). Limnol
Oceanogr 49:1630–1641
Borges AV, Vanderborght JP, Schiettecatte LS, Gazeau F, Ferrón-Smith S, Delille B, Frankignoulle
M (2004b) Variability of the gas transfer velocity of CO 2 in a macrotidal estuary (the Scheldt).
Estuaries 27:593–603
Borges AV, Delille B, Frankignoulle M (2005) Budgeting sinks and sources of CO 2 in the coastal
ocean: diversity of ecosystem counts. Geophys Res Lett 32:L14601
Borges AV, Schiettecatte LS, Abril G, Delille B, Gazeau F (2006) Carbon dioxide in European
coastal waters. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 70:375–387
Cahoon LB (1999) The role of benthic microalgae in neritic ecosystems. Oceanogr Mar Biol Annu
Rev 37:47–86
Cai WJ (2011) Estuarine and coastal ocean carbon paradox: CO 2 sinks or sites of terrestrial carbon
incineration? Annu Rev Mar Sci 3:123–145
Chen CTA, Huang TH, Chen YC, Bai Y, He X, Kang Y (2013) Air-sea exchanges of CO 2 in the
world’s coastal seas. Biogeosciences 10:6509–6544
Endo T, Otani S (2018) Chapter 5. Carbon storage in tidal flats. In: Kuwae T, Hori M (eds) Blue
carbon in shallow coastal ecosystems: carbon dynamics, policy, and implementation. Springer,
Singapore, pp 129–159
Endo T, Nakano Y, Ikada N, Tanaka T, Shimano J, Miyawaki K, Yamochi S (2015) Estimation of
CO 2 budget in the arttifical salt marsh developed at urban coastal zone by seasonal 24 hour field
investigations of CO 2 fluxes. J Jpn Soc Civil Eng Ser B2 (Coastal Engineering) 71:1327–1332
(in Japanese)
Endo T, Nakano Y, Ikada N (2016) Evaluation method of CO 2 exchange at the intertidal flat, the
sea surface and sea bottom of an artificial salt marsh in urban coastal zone. J Jpn Soc Civil Eng
Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering) 72:1447–1452 (in Japanese)
Flecha S, Huertas IE, Navarro G, Morris EP, Ruiz J (2015) Air-water CO 2 fluxes in a highly heterotrophic estuary. Estuar Coasts 38:2295–2309
Ford H, Garbutt A, Jones L, Jones DL (2012) Methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide fluxes
from a temperate salt marsh: grazing management does not alter global warming potential.
Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 113:182–191
Frankignoulle M, Abril G, Borges A, Bourge I, Canon C, Delille B, Libert E, Théate JM (1998)
Carbon dioxide emission from European estuaries. Science 282:434–436
Fujii T, Fujiwara T, Nakayama K (2013) Fluxes of carbon dioxide in the Eastern Regions of Osaka
Bay. J Jpn Soc Civil Eng Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering) 69:1111–1115. (in Japanese)
Guo H, Noormets A, Zhao B, Chen J, Sun G, Gu Y, Li B, Chen J (2009) Tidal effects on net ecosystem exchange of carbon in an estuarine wetland. Agric For Meteorol 149:1820–1828
Han G, Yang L, Yu J, Wang G, Mao P, Gao Y (2013) Environmental controls on net ecosystem CO 2
exchange over a reed (Phragmites australis) wetland in the Yellow River Delta. China Estuar
Coasts 36:401–413
Hofman PAG, de Jong SA, Wagenvoort EJ, Sandee AJJ (1991) Apparent sediment diffusion coefficients for oxygen consumption rates measured with microelectrodes and bell jars: applications
to oxygen budgets in estuarine intertidal sediments (Oosterschelde, SW Netherlands). Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 69:261–272
Jiang LQ, Cai WJ, Wang Y (2008) A comparative study of carbon dioxide degassing in river- and
marine-dominated estuaries. Limnol Oceanogr 53:2603–2615
S. Otani and T. Endo