237
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
CO
2 flux
(mg CO
2
/m 2
/s)
-200
0
200
400
600
Latent heat flux
(W/m
2
)
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
Sensible heat flux
(W/m 2
)
-10
-5
0
5
10
May 2014
June 2015
August 2015
September 2015
Air - sediment Temperature
difference( o
C)
Time (hour)
12 18
0 6
18 0
12
6
18
12
0
6
18
12
0 6
August 2014
April 2015
May 2015
Time(hour)
12 18
0 6
18 0
12
6
18
12
0
6
18
12
0 6
November 2014
February 2015
July 2015
12 18
0 6
18 0
12
6
18
12
0
6
18
12
0 6
Time(hour)
a
b
c
Fig. 8.5 Detailed time series of air–salt marsh CO
2 flux at the river-mouth site (Otani and Marikawa 2017). (a) CO
2 absorption in daytime (Group A), (b) CO
2
emission in daytime (Group B), (c) No clear fluctuation (Group C). Shading indicates daytime hours
8 CO 2 Flux in Tidal Flats and Salt Marshes