70
Bray, J.R Root production and the estimation of net productivity. Can. J. Bot. 41:65-72; 1963.
Brown, D.A; Upchurch, D.R. Minirhizotrons: A summary of methods and instruments in current use. In:
Taylor, H.M., ed. Minirhizotron Observation Tubes:
Methods and Applications for Measuring Rhizosphere
Dynamics. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy; 1981:15-30.
Burke, M.K.; Raynal, DJ. Fine root growth phenology,
production and turnover in a northern hardwood forest
ecosystem. Plant Soil 162:135-146; 1994.
Caldwell, M.M.; Camp, L.B. Belowground productivity
of two cool desert communities. Oecologia 17: 123130; 1974.
Cheng, W.; Coleman, D.C.; Box, J.E., Jr. Root dynamics,
production and distribution in agroecosystems on the
Georgia Piedmont using minirhizotrons. J. Appl. Ecol.
27:592-604; 1990.
Coleman, D.C. A review of root production processes
and their influence on soil biota in terrestrial ecosystems. In: Anderson, J.M.; Macfadyen, A, eds. The
Role of Terrestrial and Aquatic Organisms in Decomposition Processes. Proceedings of the British Ecological Society Symposium, Coleraine, N. Ireland, April
15-18, 1975. Oxford: Blackwell; 1976:417-434.
Dahlman, RC.; C.L. Kucera. Carbon-14 cycling in the
root and soil components of a prairie ecosystem. Proceedings of the 2nd National Symposium on Radioecology, Ann Arbor, Michigan. May 15-17. 1967.
Wahsington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office;
1967:652-660.
Dahlman, R.e.; Kucera, C.L. Root productivity and turnover in native prairie. Ecology 46:84-89; 1965.
Ferguson, J.C.; Smucker, AJ.M. Modifications of the
minirhizotron video camera system for measuring spatial and temporal root dynamics. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
53:1601-1605; 1989.
Gardner, R.H.; O'Neill, R.V. A comparison of sensitivity
analysis and error analysis based on a stream ecosystem model. Ecol. Model. 12:173-190; 1981.
Gower, S.T.; Pongracic, S.; Landsberg, J.J. A global trend
in belowground carbon allocation: Can we use the relationship at smaller scales. Ecology 77:1750-1755;
1996.
Hendrick, R.L.; Pregitzer, K.S. The demography of fine
roots in a northern hardwood forest. Ecology
73:1094-1104; 1992.
Hendrick, R.L.; Pregitzer, K.S. The dynamics of fine root
length, biomass and nitrogen content in two northern
hardwood ecosystems. Can. J. For. Res. 23:25072520; 1993.
Hook, P.B.; Lauenroth, w.K.; Burke, I.C. Spatial patterns
of roots in a semiarid grassland: Abundance of canopy
openings and regeneration gaps. J. Ecol. 82:485-494;
1994.
William K. Lauenroth
Jordan, C.F.; Escalante, G. Root productivity in an
Amazonian rain forest. Ecology 61:14-18; 1980.
Kurtz, W.A; Kimmins, J.P. Analysis of some sources of
error in methods used to determine fine root production in forest ecosystems: A simulation approach. Can.
J. For. Res. 17:909-912; 1987.
Lauenroth, W.K.; Milchunas, D.G. Shortgrass steppe. In:
Coupland, RT., ed. Natural Grasslands: Introduction
and Western Hemisphere. Amsterdam: Elsevier,
1992: 183-226.
Lauenroth, w.K.; Whitman, W.e. A rapid method for
washing roots. J. Range Manage. 24:308-309; 1971.
Lauenroth, W.K.; Whitman, w.e. Dynamics of dry matter production in a mixed-grass prairie in western
North Dakota. Oeco10gia 27:339-351; 1977.
Long, S.P.; Jones, M.B.; Roberts, M.J., eds. Primary Productivity of Grass Ecosystems of the Tropics and Subtropics. London: Chapman and Hall; 1992:267.
Long, S.P.; Garcia Moya, E.; Imbamba, S.K.; Kamnalrut,
A.; Piedade, M.T.F.; Scurlock, J.M.O.; Shen, Y.K.;
Hall, D.O. Primary productivity of natural grass ecosystems of the tropics: A reappraisal. Plant Soil
115:155-166; 1989.
McClaugherty, e.A; Aber, J.D.; Melillo, J.M. The role
of fine roots in the organic matter and nitrogen budgets
of two forest ecosystems. Ecology 63:1481-1490;
1982.
Merrill, S.D.; Upchurch, D.R Converting root numbers
observed at minirhizotrons to equivalent root length
density. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58:1061-1067; 1994.
Milchunas, D.G.; Lauenroth, W.K. Carbon dynamics and
estimates of primary production by harvest, C-14 dilution and C-14 turnover. Ecology 73:1593-1607;
1992.
Milchunas, D.G.; Lauenroth, w.K.; Singh, J.S.; Cole,
C.V.; Hunt, H.W. Root turnover and production by
C-14 dilution: implications of carbon partitioning in
plants. Plant Soil 88:353-65; 1985.
Nadelhoffer, KJ.; Aber, J.D.; Melilo, J.M. Fine roots, net
primary production, and soil nitrogen availability: A
new hypothesis. Ecology 66:1377-1390; 1985.
Nadelhoffer, KJ.; Raich, J.W. Fine root production estimates and belowground carbon allocation in forest
ecosystems. Ecology 73:1139-1147; 1992.
Nadelhoffer, KJ.; Raich, J.w.; Aber, J.D. A global trend
in below ground carbon allocation: Comment. Ecology
79:1822-1825; 1998.
Neill, C. Comparison of soil coring and ingrowth methods for measuring below ground production. Ecology
73:1918-1921; 1992.
O'Neill, RV. Error analysis of ecological models. In:
Nelson, DJ., ed. Radionuclides in Ecosystems. Washington, DC: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission;
1973:898-908.
Bray, J.R Root production and the estimation of net productivity. Can. J. Bot. 41:65-72; 1963.
Brown, D.A; Upchurch, D.R. Minirhizotrons: A summary of methods and instruments in current use. In:
Taylor, H.M., ed. Minirhizotron Observation Tubes:
Methods and Applications for Measuring Rhizosphere
Dynamics. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy; 1981:15-30.
Burke, M.K.; Raynal, DJ. Fine root growth phenology,
production and turnover in a northern hardwood forest
ecosystem. Plant Soil 162:135-146; 1994.
Caldwell, M.M.; Camp, L.B. Belowground productivity
of two cool desert communities. Oecologia 17: 123130; 1974.
Cheng, W.; Coleman, D.C.; Box, J.E., Jr. Root dynamics,
production and distribution in agroecosystems on the
Georgia Piedmont using minirhizotrons. J. Appl. Ecol.
27:592-604; 1990.
Coleman, D.C. A review of root production processes
and their influence on soil biota in terrestrial ecosystems. In: Anderson, J.M.; Macfadyen, A, eds. The
Role of Terrestrial and Aquatic Organisms in Decomposition Processes. Proceedings of the British Ecological Society Symposium, Coleraine, N. Ireland, April
15-18, 1975. Oxford: Blackwell; 1976:417-434.
Dahlman, RC.; C.L. Kucera. Carbon-14 cycling in the
root and soil components of a prairie ecosystem. Proceedings of the 2nd National Symposium on Radioecology, Ann Arbor, Michigan. May 15-17. 1967.
Wahsington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office;
1967:652-660.
Dahlman, R.e.; Kucera, C.L. Root productivity and turnover in native prairie. Ecology 46:84-89; 1965.
Ferguson, J.C.; Smucker, AJ.M. Modifications of the
minirhizotron video camera system for measuring spatial and temporal root dynamics. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
53:1601-1605; 1989.
Gardner, R.H.; O'Neill, R.V. A comparison of sensitivity
analysis and error analysis based on a stream ecosystem model. Ecol. Model. 12:173-190; 1981.
Gower, S.T.; Pongracic, S.; Landsberg, J.J. A global trend
in belowground carbon allocation: Can we use the relationship at smaller scales. Ecology 77:1750-1755;
1996.
Hendrick, R.L.; Pregitzer, K.S. The demography of fine
roots in a northern hardwood forest. Ecology
73:1094-1104; 1992.
Hendrick, R.L.; Pregitzer, K.S. The dynamics of fine root
length, biomass and nitrogen content in two northern
hardwood ecosystems. Can. J. For. Res. 23:25072520; 1993.
Hook, P.B.; Lauenroth, w.K.; Burke, I.C. Spatial patterns
of roots in a semiarid grassland: Abundance of canopy
openings and regeneration gaps. J. Ecol. 82:485-494;
1994.
William K. Lauenroth
Jordan, C.F.; Escalante, G. Root productivity in an
Amazonian rain forest. Ecology 61:14-18; 1980.
Kurtz, W.A; Kimmins, J.P. Analysis of some sources of
error in methods used to determine fine root production in forest ecosystems: A simulation approach. Can.
J. For. Res. 17:909-912; 1987.
Lauenroth, W.K.; Milchunas, D.G. Shortgrass steppe. In:
Coupland, RT., ed. Natural Grasslands: Introduction
and Western Hemisphere. Amsterdam: Elsevier,
1992: 183-226.
Lauenroth, w.K.; Whitman, W.e. A rapid method for
washing roots. J. Range Manage. 24:308-309; 1971.
Lauenroth, W.K.; Whitman, w.e. Dynamics of dry matter production in a mixed-grass prairie in western
North Dakota. Oeco10gia 27:339-351; 1977.
Long, S.P.; Jones, M.B.; Roberts, M.J., eds. Primary Productivity of Grass Ecosystems of the Tropics and Subtropics. London: Chapman and Hall; 1992:267.
Long, S.P.; Garcia Moya, E.; Imbamba, S.K.; Kamnalrut,
A.; Piedade, M.T.F.; Scurlock, J.M.O.; Shen, Y.K.;
Hall, D.O. Primary productivity of natural grass ecosystems of the tropics: A reappraisal. Plant Soil
115:155-166; 1989.
McClaugherty, e.A; Aber, J.D.; Melillo, J.M. The role
of fine roots in the organic matter and nitrogen budgets
of two forest ecosystems. Ecology 63:1481-1490;
1982.
Merrill, S.D.; Upchurch, D.R Converting root numbers
observed at minirhizotrons to equivalent root length
density. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58:1061-1067; 1994.
Milchunas, D.G.; Lauenroth, W.K. Carbon dynamics and
estimates of primary production by harvest, C-14 dilution and C-14 turnover. Ecology 73:1593-1607;
1992.
Milchunas, D.G.; Lauenroth, w.K.; Singh, J.S.; Cole,
C.V.; Hunt, H.W. Root turnover and production by
C-14 dilution: implications of carbon partitioning in
plants. Plant Soil 88:353-65; 1985.
Nadelhoffer, KJ.; Aber, J.D.; Melilo, J.M. Fine roots, net
primary production, and soil nitrogen availability: A
new hypothesis. Ecology 66:1377-1390; 1985.
Nadelhoffer, KJ.; Raich, J.W. Fine root production estimates and belowground carbon allocation in forest
ecosystems. Ecology 73:1139-1147; 1992.
Nadelhoffer, KJ.; Raich, J.w.; Aber, J.D. A global trend
in below ground carbon allocation: Comment. Ecology
79:1822-1825; 1998.
Neill, C. Comparison of soil coring and ingrowth methods for measuring below ground production. Ecology
73:1918-1921; 1992.
O'Neill, RV. Error analysis of ecological models. In:
Nelson, DJ., ed. Radionuclides in Ecosystems. Washington, DC: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission;
1973:898-908.