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Contents
Methods to Estimate ANPP in Slow Turnover Ecosystems
36
Errors Associated with Estimates of ANPP
37
Optimal Methodology to Estimate ANPP
41
Summary
41
References
42
3 Global Terrestrial Gross and Net Primary Productivity from the Earth
Observing System
44
Steven W. Running, Peter E. Thornton, Ramakrishna Nemani,
and Joseph M. Glassy
Introduction
44
Theoretical Basis for the Algorithm for Global NPP
44
Relating NPP and APAR
45
Relating APAR and NDVI
45
Biophysical Variability of e
45
Parameterization of e with Global BIOME-BGC Simulations
46
Algorithm Implementation Logic in EOS
50
Satellite-Derived Input Variables
50
Final NPP Algorithm
51
Validation of Global NPP
53
Summary
55
References
55
4 Methods of Estimating Belowground Net Primary Production
58
William K. Lauenroth
Introduction
58
Concepts
58
Methods
59
Biomass
59
Ingrowth Cores
60
Isotopes
61
Carbon Balance
62
Nitrogen Balance
63
Minirhizotrons
63
Uncertainty in Estimates of BNPP
65
Summary
69
References
69
5 The Measurement of Primary Production in Aquatic Ecosystems
72
Robert W. Howarth and Anthony F. Michaels
Introduction
72
Light and Dark Bottle Oxygen Technique
74
Carbon-14 Technique
75
Problems and Challenges with Light and Dark Bottle and Carbon-14
Techniques
77
In Situ Diel Approaches
79
Remote Sensing Techniques
82
References
82