1. Stand Structure in Terrestrial Ecosystems
Ranson, Kl; Sun, G. An evaluation of AIRSAR and
SIR-C/x-SAR images for mapping northern forest attributes in Maine, U.S.A. Remote Sens. Environ.
59:203-222; 1997.
Reed, B.C.; Brown, J.E; Vanderzee D.; Loveland T.R.;
et al. Measuring phenological variability from satellite imagery. J. Vegetat. Sci. 5:703-714; 1994.
Rich, P.M. Characterizing plant canopies with hemisherical photographs. Remote Sens. Rev. 5:13-29;
1990.
Richards, J.A.; Sun, G.O.; Simonett, D.S. L-band radar
backscatter modeling of forest stands. IEEE Trans.
Geosci. Remote Sens. GE-25:487-498; 1987.
Richardson, AJ.; Wiegand, c.L. Distinguishing vegetation from soil background information. Photogram.
Eng. Remote Sens. 43:1541-1552; 1977.
Roberts, D.A.; Adams, lB.; Smith, M.O. Discriminating green vegetation, non-photosynthetic vegetation
and soils in AVIRIS data. Remote Sens. Environ.
44:1-25; 1993.
Roberts, D.A.; Gardner, M.; Church, R.; Ustin, S.;
Scheer, G.; Green, R.O. Mapping chaparral in the
Santa Monica Mountains using multiple endmember
spectral mixture models. Remote Sens. Environ.
65:267-279; 1998a.
Roberts, D.A.; Brown, KJ.; Green, R.; Ustin, S.; Hinckley, T. Investigating the relationship between liquid
water and leaf area in clonal Populus, Proc. 7th
AVIRIS Earth Science Workshop JPL 97-21, Pasadena, CA 91109, 10 p; 1998b.
Rohlf, FJ.; Archie, J.W. Least-squares mapping using
interpoint distances. Ecology 59:126-132; 1978.
Ross, J.P. The radiation regime and architecture of plant
stands. The Hague, Netherlands: Dr. W. Junk; 1981.
Running, S.W.; Coughlan, J.C. A general model of forest ecosystem processes for regional applications.
Ecol. Model. 42:125-154; 1988.
Sellers, P.J. Canopy reflectance, photosynthesis and
transpiration. Int. J. Remote Sens. 6:1335-1372;
1985.
Sinoquet, H; Rivet, P. Measurement and visualization of
the architecture of an adult tree based on a threedimensional digitising device. Tree 11(5):265-270;
1997.
Sinoquet, H.; Valmorin, M.; Cabo, X.; Bonhomme, R.
DAOLI: An automated laser distance system for measuring profiles of vegetation. Agric. For. Meteorol.
67:43--64; 1993.
Strahler, A.H.; Woodcock, C.E.; Smith, J.A. On the nature of models in remote sensing. Remote Sens. Environ. 20:131-139; 1986.
Sun, G.; Ranson, KJ. A three-dimensional radar backscatter model of forest canopies. IEEE Trans. Geosci.
Remote Sens. 33:372-382; 1995.
29
Sun, G.; Simonett, D.S.; Strahler, A.H.; A radar backscattering model for discontinuous coniferous forests.
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 29:639--650;
1991.
Treuhaft, R.N.; Madsen, S.N.; Moghaddam, M.; van
Zyl, J.J. Vegetation characteristics and underlying topography from interferometric radar. Radio Sci.
31:1449-1485; 1996.
Tucker, C.l Red and photographic infrared linear combinations for monitoring vegetation. Remote Sens.
Environ. 8:127-150; 1979.
Ulaby, ET.; Sarabandi, K; McDonald, K.C.; Whitt, M.;
Dobson, M.C. Michigan microwave canopy scattering model (MIMICS). Int. 1 Remote Sens. 11:12231253; 1990.
Vanderbilt, V.C.; Silva, L.F.; Bauer, M.E. Canopy architecture measured with a laser. Appl. Opt. 29:99106; 1990.
Van Pelt, R; North, MP. Analyzing canopy structure in
Pacific Northwest old-growth forests with a standscale crown model. Northwest Sci. 70:15-30; 1996.
Wang, Y.; Davis, F.W.; Melack, J.M. Simulated and observed backscatter at P-, L-, and C-bands from ponderosa pine stands, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote
Sens. 31:871-879; 1993.
Waring, R.H.; Way, J.; Hunt, E.R. Jr.; Morrissey, L.;
Ranson, KJ.; Weishampel, IF.; Oren, R.; Franklin,
S.E. Imaging radar for ecosystem studies. Bioscience
45:715-723; 1995.
Way, J.; Paris, 1; Dobson, M.C.; McDonald, K; Ulaby,
F.T.; Weber, J.A.; Ustin, S.L.; Vanderbilt, V.C.; Kasischke, E.S. Diurnal change in trees as observed by
optical and microwave sensors: The EOS synergism
study. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 29:807821; 1991.
Way, J.; Zimmermann, R.; Rignot, E.; McDonald, K;
Oren, R. Winter and spring thaw as observed with
imaging radar at BOREAS. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.
102(ND24):29673-29684; 1997.
Welles, J.M. Some indirect methods of estimating canopy structure. Remote Sens. Rev. 5:31-43; 1990.
Welles, J.M.; Cohen, S. Canopy structure measurement
by gap fraction analysis using commercial instrumentation. J. Exp. Bot. 47:1335-1342; 1996.
Weltz, M.A.; Ritchie, J.C.; Fox, H.D. Comparison of
laser and field measurements of vegetation height and
canopy cover. Water Resources Res. 30:1311-1319;
1994.
Wimbush, D.J.; Barrow, M.D.; Costin, A.B. Color
stereo-photography for the measurement of vegetation. Ecology 48:150--152; 1967.
Wu, Y.; Strahler, A.H. Remote estimation of crown size,
stand density, and biomass on the Oregon transect.
Ecol. Applic. 4:299-312; 1994.
Ranson, Kl; Sun, G. An evaluation of AIRSAR and
SIR-C/x-SAR images for mapping northern forest attributes in Maine, U.S.A. Remote Sens. Environ.
59:203-222; 1997.
Reed, B.C.; Brown, J.E; Vanderzee D.; Loveland T.R.;
et al. Measuring phenological variability from satellite imagery. J. Vegetat. Sci. 5:703-714; 1994.
Rich, P.M. Characterizing plant canopies with hemisherical photographs. Remote Sens. Rev. 5:13-29;
1990.
Richards, J.A.; Sun, G.O.; Simonett, D.S. L-band radar
backscatter modeling of forest stands. IEEE Trans.
Geosci. Remote Sens. GE-25:487-498; 1987.
Richardson, AJ.; Wiegand, c.L. Distinguishing vegetation from soil background information. Photogram.
Eng. Remote Sens. 43:1541-1552; 1977.
Roberts, D.A.; Adams, lB.; Smith, M.O. Discriminating green vegetation, non-photosynthetic vegetation
and soils in AVIRIS data. Remote Sens. Environ.
44:1-25; 1993.
Roberts, D.A.; Gardner, M.; Church, R.; Ustin, S.;
Scheer, G.; Green, R.O. Mapping chaparral in the
Santa Monica Mountains using multiple endmember
spectral mixture models. Remote Sens. Environ.
65:267-279; 1998a.
Roberts, D.A.; Brown, KJ.; Green, R.; Ustin, S.; Hinckley, T. Investigating the relationship between liquid
water and leaf area in clonal Populus, Proc. 7th
AVIRIS Earth Science Workshop JPL 97-21, Pasadena, CA 91109, 10 p; 1998b.
Rohlf, FJ.; Archie, J.W. Least-squares mapping using
interpoint distances. Ecology 59:126-132; 1978.
Ross, J.P. The radiation regime and architecture of plant
stands. The Hague, Netherlands: Dr. W. Junk; 1981.
Running, S.W.; Coughlan, J.C. A general model of forest ecosystem processes for regional applications.
Ecol. Model. 42:125-154; 1988.
Sellers, P.J. Canopy reflectance, photosynthesis and
transpiration. Int. J. Remote Sens. 6:1335-1372;
1985.
Sinoquet, H; Rivet, P. Measurement and visualization of
the architecture of an adult tree based on a threedimensional digitising device. Tree 11(5):265-270;
1997.
Sinoquet, H.; Valmorin, M.; Cabo, X.; Bonhomme, R.
DAOLI: An automated laser distance system for measuring profiles of vegetation. Agric. For. Meteorol.
67:43--64; 1993.
Strahler, A.H.; Woodcock, C.E.; Smith, J.A. On the nature of models in remote sensing. Remote Sens. Environ. 20:131-139; 1986.
Sun, G.; Ranson, KJ. A three-dimensional radar backscatter model of forest canopies. IEEE Trans. Geosci.
Remote Sens. 33:372-382; 1995.
29
Sun, G.; Simonett, D.S.; Strahler, A.H.; A radar backscattering model for discontinuous coniferous forests.
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 29:639--650;
1991.
Treuhaft, R.N.; Madsen, S.N.; Moghaddam, M.; van
Zyl, J.J. Vegetation characteristics and underlying topography from interferometric radar. Radio Sci.
31:1449-1485; 1996.
Tucker, C.l Red and photographic infrared linear combinations for monitoring vegetation. Remote Sens.
Environ. 8:127-150; 1979.
Ulaby, ET.; Sarabandi, K; McDonald, K.C.; Whitt, M.;
Dobson, M.C. Michigan microwave canopy scattering model (MIMICS). Int. 1 Remote Sens. 11:12231253; 1990.
Vanderbilt, V.C.; Silva, L.F.; Bauer, M.E. Canopy architecture measured with a laser. Appl. Opt. 29:99106; 1990.
Van Pelt, R; North, MP. Analyzing canopy structure in
Pacific Northwest old-growth forests with a standscale crown model. Northwest Sci. 70:15-30; 1996.
Wang, Y.; Davis, F.W.; Melack, J.M. Simulated and observed backscatter at P-, L-, and C-bands from ponderosa pine stands, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote
Sens. 31:871-879; 1993.
Waring, R.H.; Way, J.; Hunt, E.R. Jr.; Morrissey, L.;
Ranson, KJ.; Weishampel, IF.; Oren, R.; Franklin,
S.E. Imaging radar for ecosystem studies. Bioscience
45:715-723; 1995.
Way, J.; Paris, 1; Dobson, M.C.; McDonald, K; Ulaby,
F.T.; Weber, J.A.; Ustin, S.L.; Vanderbilt, V.C.; Kasischke, E.S. Diurnal change in trees as observed by
optical and microwave sensors: The EOS synergism
study. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 29:807821; 1991.
Way, J.; Zimmermann, R.; Rignot, E.; McDonald, K;
Oren, R. Winter and spring thaw as observed with
imaging radar at BOREAS. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.
102(ND24):29673-29684; 1997.
Welles, J.M. Some indirect methods of estimating canopy structure. Remote Sens. Rev. 5:31-43; 1990.
Welles, J.M.; Cohen, S. Canopy structure measurement
by gap fraction analysis using commercial instrumentation. J. Exp. Bot. 47:1335-1342; 1996.
Weltz, M.A.; Ritchie, J.C.; Fox, H.D. Comparison of
laser and field measurements of vegetation height and
canopy cover. Water Resources Res. 30:1311-1319;
1994.
Wimbush, D.J.; Barrow, M.D.; Costin, A.B. Color
stereo-photography for the measurement of vegetation. Ecology 48:150--152; 1967.
Wu, Y.; Strahler, A.H. Remote estimation of crown size,
stand density, and biomass on the Oregon transect.
Ecol. Applic. 4:299-312; 1994.