26
of Optical Remote Sensing. New York: Wiley;
1989:252-296.
Attema, E.P.W.; Ulaby, F.T. Vegetation modeled as a water cloud. Radio Sci. 13:357-364; 1978.
Barbour, M.G.; Burk, lH.; Pitt, W.D. Terrestrial Plant
Ecology. 2nd ed. Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin Cummings; 1987.
Barnes, w.L., Pagano, T.S.; Salomonson, v.v. Prelaunch
characteristics of the Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on EOS-AMI. IEEE
Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 36:1088-1100; 1998.
Bidlake, W.R.; Black, R.A. Vertical distribution of leaf
area in Larix occidentalis: A comparison of two estimation methods. Can. 1 For. Res. 19:1131-1136;
1989.
Blair, J.B.; Coyle, D.B. Vegetation and topography mapping with an airborne laser altimeter using a highefficiency laser and a scannable field-of-view telescope. In: Proceedings of the Second International
Airborne Remote Sensing Conference and Exhibition.
Vol. 2; Ann Arbor, MI: Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM); 1996:403-407.
Blair, lB.; Coyle, D.B.; Bufton, J.L.; Harding, D.J. Optimization of an airborne laser altimeter for remote
sensing of vegetation and tree canopies. Proc.
IGARSS'94:939-941; 1994.
Bonham, C.D. Methods of Vegetation Analysis. New
York: Wiley; 1989.
Brewer, K.R.W.; Hanif, H. Sampling with Unequal Probabilities. Lecture Notes in Statistics 15. New York:
Springer-Verlag; 1983.
Bush, T.F.; Ulaby, F. T. Radar return from a continuous
vegetation canopy. IEEE Anten. Propag. AP-24:269276; 1976.
Carpenter, A.; West, N. Validating the reference-unit
method of aboveground phyromass estimation on
shrubs and herbs. Vegetatio 72:75-79; 1987.
Causton, D.R. Biometrical, structural and physiological
relationships among tree parts. In: Cannell, M.G.R.;
Jackson, J.E., eds. Attributes of Trees as Crop Plants.
Huntingdon, UK: National Environmental Research
Council; 1985:137-159.
Chen, S.G.; Ceulemans, R.; Impens, I. A Fractal-based
Populus canopy structure model for the calculation of
light interception. For. Ecol. Manage. 69:97-110;
1994.
Chiariello, N.R.; Mooney, H.A.; Williams, K. Growth,
carbon allocation, and cost of plant tissues. In: Pearcy,
R.W.; Ehleringer, J.; Mooney, H.A.; Rundel, P.w., eds.
Plant Physiological Ecology: Field Methods and Instrumentation. London: Chapman and Hall;
1989:327-365.
Clark, D.B.; Clark, D.A.; Rich, P.M.; Weiss, S.; Oberbauer, S.F. Landscape-scale evaluation of understory
light and canopy structure: Methods and application
Frank W. Davis and Dar Roberts
in a neotropicallowland rain forest. Can. 1. For. Res.
26:747-757; 1996.
Cohen, w.G.; Spies, T.A. Estimating structural attributes
of Douglas-fir/western hemlock forest stands from
Landsat and SPOT imagery. Remote Sens. Environ.
41:1-17; 1992.
Cohen, w.B.; Spies, T.A.; Bradshaw, G.A. Semivariograms of digital imagery for analysis of conifer canopy
structure. Remote Sens. Environ. 34:167-178; 1990.
Colwell, R.N., ed. Manual of Remote Sensing. Falls
Church, VA: American Society of Photograrnmetry
and Remote Sensing; 1983.
Cottam, G; Curtis, J.T. The use of distance measures in
phytosociological sampling. Ecology 37 :451-460;
1956.
Crist, E.P.; Cicone, R.c. A physically-based transformation of Thematic Mapper data: The TM tasseled
cap. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. GE-22:256263.1984.
Curtis, K.S. Linear measurements. In: Brinker, R.C.;
Minnick, R. The Surveying Handbook. 2nd ed. New
York: Chapman and Hall; 1995:42-50.
Daughtry, C.S.T. Direct measurements of canopy structure. Remote Sens. Rev. 5:45--60; 1990.
Defries, R.S.; Field, C.B.; Fung, I.; Justice, C.O.; et al.
Mapping the land surface for global atmospherebiosphere models: Toward continuous distributions of
vegetations functional properties. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 100:20867-20882; 1995.
Dobson, M.C.; Ulaby F.T.; Pierce L.E.; Sharik T.L.; Bergen, K.M.; Kellndorfer, l; Kendra, lR.; Li, E.; Lin,
Y.c.; Nashashibi, A.; Sarabandi, K.; Siquiera, P. Estimation of forest biophysical characteristics in northern Michigan with SIR-C/x-SAR. IEEE Trans.
Geosci. Remote Sens. 33:877-895; 1995.
Earle, D.F. McGowan, A.A. Evaluation and calibration
of an automated rising plate meter for estimating dry
matter yield of pasture. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim.
Husb. 19:337-350; 1979.
Etienne, M. Nondestructive methods for evaluating shrub
biomass: A review. Acta Oecol. Oecol. Appl. 10: 115128; 1989.
Everitt, lH.; Escobar, D.E.; Cavazos, I.; Noriega, lR.;
Davis, M.R. A three-camera multispectral digital
video imaging system. Remote Sens. Environ.
54:333-337; 1995.
Fournier, R.A.; Landry, R.; August, N.M.; Fedosejevs,
G.; Gauthier, R.P. Modelling light obstruction in three
conifer forests using hemispherical photography and
fine tree architecture. Agric. For. Meteorol. 82:47-72;
1996.
Frank, D.A.; Mcnaughton, SJ. Aboveground biomass estimation with the canopy intercept method: A plant
growth form caveat. Oikos 57:57--60; 1990.
of Optical Remote Sensing. New York: Wiley;
1989:252-296.
Attema, E.P.W.; Ulaby, F.T. Vegetation modeled as a water cloud. Radio Sci. 13:357-364; 1978.
Barbour, M.G.; Burk, lH.; Pitt, W.D. Terrestrial Plant
Ecology. 2nd ed. Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin Cummings; 1987.
Barnes, w.L., Pagano, T.S.; Salomonson, v.v. Prelaunch
characteristics of the Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on EOS-AMI. IEEE
Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 36:1088-1100; 1998.
Bidlake, W.R.; Black, R.A. Vertical distribution of leaf
area in Larix occidentalis: A comparison of two estimation methods. Can. 1 For. Res. 19:1131-1136;
1989.
Blair, J.B.; Coyle, D.B. Vegetation and topography mapping with an airborne laser altimeter using a highefficiency laser and a scannable field-of-view telescope. In: Proceedings of the Second International
Airborne Remote Sensing Conference and Exhibition.
Vol. 2; Ann Arbor, MI: Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM); 1996:403-407.
Blair, lB.; Coyle, D.B.; Bufton, J.L.; Harding, D.J. Optimization of an airborne laser altimeter for remote
sensing of vegetation and tree canopies. Proc.
IGARSS'94:939-941; 1994.
Bonham, C.D. Methods of Vegetation Analysis. New
York: Wiley; 1989.
Brewer, K.R.W.; Hanif, H. Sampling with Unequal Probabilities. Lecture Notes in Statistics 15. New York:
Springer-Verlag; 1983.
Bush, T.F.; Ulaby, F. T. Radar return from a continuous
vegetation canopy. IEEE Anten. Propag. AP-24:269276; 1976.
Carpenter, A.; West, N. Validating the reference-unit
method of aboveground phyromass estimation on
shrubs and herbs. Vegetatio 72:75-79; 1987.
Causton, D.R. Biometrical, structural and physiological
relationships among tree parts. In: Cannell, M.G.R.;
Jackson, J.E., eds. Attributes of Trees as Crop Plants.
Huntingdon, UK: National Environmental Research
Council; 1985:137-159.
Chen, S.G.; Ceulemans, R.; Impens, I. A Fractal-based
Populus canopy structure model for the calculation of
light interception. For. Ecol. Manage. 69:97-110;
1994.
Chiariello, N.R.; Mooney, H.A.; Williams, K. Growth,
carbon allocation, and cost of plant tissues. In: Pearcy,
R.W.; Ehleringer, J.; Mooney, H.A.; Rundel, P.w., eds.
Plant Physiological Ecology: Field Methods and Instrumentation. London: Chapman and Hall;
1989:327-365.
Clark, D.B.; Clark, D.A.; Rich, P.M.; Weiss, S.; Oberbauer, S.F. Landscape-scale evaluation of understory
light and canopy structure: Methods and application
Frank W. Davis and Dar Roberts
in a neotropicallowland rain forest. Can. 1. For. Res.
26:747-757; 1996.
Cohen, w.G.; Spies, T.A. Estimating structural attributes
of Douglas-fir/western hemlock forest stands from
Landsat and SPOT imagery. Remote Sens. Environ.
41:1-17; 1992.
Cohen, w.B.; Spies, T.A.; Bradshaw, G.A. Semivariograms of digital imagery for analysis of conifer canopy
structure. Remote Sens. Environ. 34:167-178; 1990.
Colwell, R.N., ed. Manual of Remote Sensing. Falls
Church, VA: American Society of Photograrnmetry
and Remote Sensing; 1983.
Cottam, G; Curtis, J.T. The use of distance measures in
phytosociological sampling. Ecology 37 :451-460;
1956.
Crist, E.P.; Cicone, R.c. A physically-based transformation of Thematic Mapper data: The TM tasseled
cap. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. GE-22:256263.1984.
Curtis, K.S. Linear measurements. In: Brinker, R.C.;
Minnick, R. The Surveying Handbook. 2nd ed. New
York: Chapman and Hall; 1995:42-50.
Daughtry, C.S.T. Direct measurements of canopy structure. Remote Sens. Rev. 5:45--60; 1990.
Defries, R.S.; Field, C.B.; Fung, I.; Justice, C.O.; et al.
Mapping the land surface for global atmospherebiosphere models: Toward continuous distributions of
vegetations functional properties. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 100:20867-20882; 1995.
Dobson, M.C.; Ulaby F.T.; Pierce L.E.; Sharik T.L.; Bergen, K.M.; Kellndorfer, l; Kendra, lR.; Li, E.; Lin,
Y.c.; Nashashibi, A.; Sarabandi, K.; Siquiera, P. Estimation of forest biophysical characteristics in northern Michigan with SIR-C/x-SAR. IEEE Trans.
Geosci. Remote Sens. 33:877-895; 1995.
Earle, D.F. McGowan, A.A. Evaluation and calibration
of an automated rising plate meter for estimating dry
matter yield of pasture. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim.
Husb. 19:337-350; 1979.
Etienne, M. Nondestructive methods for evaluating shrub
biomass: A review. Acta Oecol. Oecol. Appl. 10: 115128; 1989.
Everitt, lH.; Escobar, D.E.; Cavazos, I.; Noriega, lR.;
Davis, M.R. A three-camera multispectral digital
video imaging system. Remote Sens. Environ.
54:333-337; 1995.
Fournier, R.A.; Landry, R.; August, N.M.; Fedosejevs,
G.; Gauthier, R.P. Modelling light obstruction in three
conifer forests using hemispherical photography and
fine tree architecture. Agric. For. Meteorol. 82:47-72;
1996.
Frank, D.A.; Mcnaughton, SJ. Aboveground biomass estimation with the canopy intercept method: A plant
growth form caveat. Oikos 57:57--60; 1990.