23. Large-Scale Water Manipulations
Hanson, P.J.; Todd, D.E.; Huston, M.A.; Joslin, J.D.;
Croker, J.; Auge, R.M. Description and Field Performance of the Walker Branch Throughfall Displacement Experiment: 1993-1996. ORNLffM-13586.
Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory;
1998.
Hinckley, T.M.; Lassoie, J.P.; Running, S.W. Temporal
and spatial variations in the water status of forest trees.
For. Sci. Monogr. 20;1978.
Holstener-J!Ilrgensen, H.; Holmsgaard, E. Effects of irrigation and drought on growth of young Norway
spruce on east Danish moraine. For. Landsc. Res.
1:127-142; 1994.
Hultberg, H.A.; Andersson, B.I.; Moldan, E The covered
catchment: An experimental approach to reversal of
acidification in a forest ecosystem. In: Rasmussen, L.;
Brydges, T.; Mathy, P., eds. Experimental Manipulations of Biota and Biogeochemical Cycling in Ecosystems. Ecosystem Research Report 4, Commission of
the European Communities; 1993:46-54.
Hurlbert, S.H. Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments. EcoI. Monogr. 54:187-211;
1984.
Irving, P.M.; Miller, J.E. Productivity offield-grown soybeans exposed to acid rain and sulfur dioxide alone
and in combination. J. Environ. Qual. 10:473-478;
1981.
Jenkins, A.; Wright, R.E The CLIMEX project: Performance of the experimental facility during the first year
of treatment, In: Jenkins, A.; Ferrier, R.C.; Kirby, C.,
eds. Ecosystem Manipulation Experiments: Scientific
Approaches, Experimental Design and Relevant Results. Ecosystem Research Report 20. Commission of
the European Communities; 1995:323-327.
Johnston, J.w., Jr.; Shriner, D.S.; Abner, C.H. Design and
performance of an exposure system for measuring the
response of crops to acid rain and gaseous pollutants
in the field. J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assoc. 36:894-899;
1986.
Kattenberg, A.; Giorgi, E; Grassl, H.; Meehl, G.A.;
Mitchell, J.EB.; Stouffer, R.J.; Tokioka, T.; Weaver,
AJ.; Wigley, T.M.L. Climate models: Projections of
future climate. In: Houghton, J.T., et aI., eds. Climate
Change 1995. The Science of Climate Change. New
York: Cambridge Univ. Pr.; 1996:283-357.
Kirschbaum, M.U.E; Fischlin, A. Climate change impacts on forests. In: Watson, R.T.; Zinyowera, M.C.;
Moss, R.H., eds. Climate Change 1995. Impacts,
Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate Change:
Scientific-Technical Analysis. New York: Cambridge
Univ. Pr.; 1996:95-129.
Kliener, K.w.; Abrams, M.D.; Schultz, J.C. The impact
of water and nutrient deficiencies on the growth, gas
exchange and water relations of red oak and chestnut
oak. Tree PhysioI. 11:271-287; 1992.
351
Ko1b, T.E.; Steiner, K.C.; McCormick, L.H.; Bowersox,
T. W. Growth response of northern red-oak and yellowpoplar seedlings to light, soil moisture and nutrients
in relation to ecological strategy. For. EcoI. Manage.
38:65-78; 1990.
Kozlowski, T.T. Water supply and tree growth. Part I.
Water Deficits. For. Abstr. 43:57-95; 1982.
Lamersdorf, N.P.; Beier, C.; Blanck, K.; Bredemeier, M.;
Cummins, T.; Farrel, E.P.; Rasmussen, L.; Ryan, M.
Reactions of soil solution chemistry to drought: Results of experiments within the EXMAN project. In:
Jenkins, A.; Ferrier, R.C.; Kirby, C., eds. Ecosystem
Manipulation Experiments: Scientific Approaches, Experimental Design and Relevant Results. Ecosystem
Research Report 20. Commission of the European
Communities; 1995:86-95.
Melillo, J.M.; Callaghan, T.V.; Woodward, F.I.; Salati, E.;
Sinha, S.K. Effects on Ecosystems. In: Houghton, J. T.;
Jenkins, GJ.; Ephraums, J.J., eds. Climate Change.
The IPCC Scientific Assessment. New York: Cambridge Univ. Pr.; 1990:282-310.
Moldan, E; Hultberg, H.; Andersson, A. Gardsjon covered catchment experiment: Changes in runoff after
three years of throughfall exclusion. In: Jenkins, A.;
Ferrier, R.c.; Kirby, c., eds. Ecosystem Manipulation
Experiments: Scientific Approaches, Experimental Design and Relevant Results. Ecosystem Research Report 20. Commission of the European Communities;
1995:113-118.
Mooney, H. Biological response to climate change:
An agenda for research. EcoI. Applic. 1:112-117;
1991.
Mooney, H.A.; Drake, B.G.; Luxmoore, R.I.; Oechel,
W.C.; Pitelka, L.E Predicting ecosystem responses to
elevated CO2 concentrations. BioScience 41:96-104;
1991.
Ojima, D.S.; Kittel, T.G.E; Rosswall, T.; Walker, B.H.
Critical issues for understanding global change effects
on terrestrial ecosystems. EcoI. Applic. 1:316-325;
1991.
Pamelo, J.M.; Aguiar, M.R.; Golluscio, R.A. Soil water
availability in the Patagonian arid steppe: Gravel content effect. Arid Soil Res. Rehab. 2:67-74; 1987.
Pezeshki, S.R.; Chambers, J.L. Stomatal and photosynthetic response of drought-stressed cherrybark oak
(Quercus falcata var. pagodaefolia) and sweet gum
(Liquidambar styracijiua). Can. J. For. Res. 16:841846; 1986.
Pilon, C.E.; Cote, B.; Fyles, J.w. Effect of an artificially
induced drought on leaf peroxidase activity, mineral
nutrition and growth of sugar maple. Plant Soil
179:151-158; 1996.
Rasmussen, L.; Beier, C.; Andersen, B.R. Effects of experimental manipulations with biogeochemical cycles
in a Norway spruce plantation in Denmark: The Dan-
Hanson, P.J.; Todd, D.E.; Huston, M.A.; Joslin, J.D.;
Croker, J.; Auge, R.M. Description and Field Performance of the Walker Branch Throughfall Displacement Experiment: 1993-1996. ORNLffM-13586.
Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory;
1998.
Hinckley, T.M.; Lassoie, J.P.; Running, S.W. Temporal
and spatial variations in the water status of forest trees.
For. Sci. Monogr. 20;1978.
Holstener-J!Ilrgensen, H.; Holmsgaard, E. Effects of irrigation and drought on growth of young Norway
spruce on east Danish moraine. For. Landsc. Res.
1:127-142; 1994.
Hultberg, H.A.; Andersson, B.I.; Moldan, E The covered
catchment: An experimental approach to reversal of
acidification in a forest ecosystem. In: Rasmussen, L.;
Brydges, T.; Mathy, P., eds. Experimental Manipulations of Biota and Biogeochemical Cycling in Ecosystems. Ecosystem Research Report 4, Commission of
the European Communities; 1993:46-54.
Hurlbert, S.H. Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments. EcoI. Monogr. 54:187-211;
1984.
Irving, P.M.; Miller, J.E. Productivity offield-grown soybeans exposed to acid rain and sulfur dioxide alone
and in combination. J. Environ. Qual. 10:473-478;
1981.
Jenkins, A.; Wright, R.E The CLIMEX project: Performance of the experimental facility during the first year
of treatment, In: Jenkins, A.; Ferrier, R.C.; Kirby, C.,
eds. Ecosystem Manipulation Experiments: Scientific
Approaches, Experimental Design and Relevant Results. Ecosystem Research Report 20. Commission of
the European Communities; 1995:323-327.
Johnston, J.w., Jr.; Shriner, D.S.; Abner, C.H. Design and
performance of an exposure system for measuring the
response of crops to acid rain and gaseous pollutants
in the field. J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assoc. 36:894-899;
1986.
Kattenberg, A.; Giorgi, E; Grassl, H.; Meehl, G.A.;
Mitchell, J.EB.; Stouffer, R.J.; Tokioka, T.; Weaver,
AJ.; Wigley, T.M.L. Climate models: Projections of
future climate. In: Houghton, J.T., et aI., eds. Climate
Change 1995. The Science of Climate Change. New
York: Cambridge Univ. Pr.; 1996:283-357.
Kirschbaum, M.U.E; Fischlin, A. Climate change impacts on forests. In: Watson, R.T.; Zinyowera, M.C.;
Moss, R.H., eds. Climate Change 1995. Impacts,
Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate Change:
Scientific-Technical Analysis. New York: Cambridge
Univ. Pr.; 1996:95-129.
Kliener, K.w.; Abrams, M.D.; Schultz, J.C. The impact
of water and nutrient deficiencies on the growth, gas
exchange and water relations of red oak and chestnut
oak. Tree PhysioI. 11:271-287; 1992.
351
Ko1b, T.E.; Steiner, K.C.; McCormick, L.H.; Bowersox,
T. W. Growth response of northern red-oak and yellowpoplar seedlings to light, soil moisture and nutrients
in relation to ecological strategy. For. EcoI. Manage.
38:65-78; 1990.
Kozlowski, T.T. Water supply and tree growth. Part I.
Water Deficits. For. Abstr. 43:57-95; 1982.
Lamersdorf, N.P.; Beier, C.; Blanck, K.; Bredemeier, M.;
Cummins, T.; Farrel, E.P.; Rasmussen, L.; Ryan, M.
Reactions of soil solution chemistry to drought: Results of experiments within the EXMAN project. In:
Jenkins, A.; Ferrier, R.C.; Kirby, C., eds. Ecosystem
Manipulation Experiments: Scientific Approaches, Experimental Design and Relevant Results. Ecosystem
Research Report 20. Commission of the European
Communities; 1995:86-95.
Melillo, J.M.; Callaghan, T.V.; Woodward, F.I.; Salati, E.;
Sinha, S.K. Effects on Ecosystems. In: Houghton, J. T.;
Jenkins, GJ.; Ephraums, J.J., eds. Climate Change.
The IPCC Scientific Assessment. New York: Cambridge Univ. Pr.; 1990:282-310.
Moldan, E; Hultberg, H.; Andersson, A. Gardsjon covered catchment experiment: Changes in runoff after
three years of throughfall exclusion. In: Jenkins, A.;
Ferrier, R.c.; Kirby, c., eds. Ecosystem Manipulation
Experiments: Scientific Approaches, Experimental Design and Relevant Results. Ecosystem Research Report 20. Commission of the European Communities;
1995:113-118.
Mooney, H. Biological response to climate change:
An agenda for research. EcoI. Applic. 1:112-117;
1991.
Mooney, H.A.; Drake, B.G.; Luxmoore, R.I.; Oechel,
W.C.; Pitelka, L.E Predicting ecosystem responses to
elevated CO2 concentrations. BioScience 41:96-104;
1991.
Ojima, D.S.; Kittel, T.G.E; Rosswall, T.; Walker, B.H.
Critical issues for understanding global change effects
on terrestrial ecosystems. EcoI. Applic. 1:316-325;
1991.
Pamelo, J.M.; Aguiar, M.R.; Golluscio, R.A. Soil water
availability in the Patagonian arid steppe: Gravel content effect. Arid Soil Res. Rehab. 2:67-74; 1987.
Pezeshki, S.R.; Chambers, J.L. Stomatal and photosynthetic response of drought-stressed cherrybark oak
(Quercus falcata var. pagodaefolia) and sweet gum
(Liquidambar styracijiua). Can. J. For. Res. 16:841846; 1986.
Pilon, C.E.; Cote, B.; Fyles, J.w. Effect of an artificially
induced drought on leaf peroxidase activity, mineral
nutrition and growth of sugar maple. Plant Soil
179:151-158; 1996.
Rasmussen, L.; Beier, C.; Andersen, B.R. Effects of experimental manipulations with biogeochemical cycles
in a Norway spruce plantation in Denmark: The Dan-