350
ronmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy
under contract DE-AC05-960R22464 with Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation. Publication 4893, Environmental Sciences Division,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
References
Abrahamsen, G.; Bjor, K.; Teigen, O. Field Experiments
with Simulated Acid Rain in Forest Ecosystems. 1. Soil
and Vegetation Characteristics, Experimental Design,
and Equipment. Res. Rep. 4, 1432 NISK, Aas-NLH,
Norway; 1977.
Beier, c.; Gundersen, P.; Hansen, K.; Rasmussen, L. Experimental manipulations of water and nutrient input
to a Norway spruce plantation at Klosterhede, Denmark. II. Effects on tree growth and nutrition. Plant
Soil 168-169:613--622; 1995.
Breda, N.; Cochard, H.; Dreyer, E.; A. Granier. Water
transfer in a mature oak stand (Quercus petraea): Seasonal evolution and effects of a severe drought. Can.
J. For. Res. 23:1136-1143; 1993.
Breda, N.; Granier, A; Barataud, F.; Moyne, C. Soil water dynamics in an oak stand. I. Soil moisture, water
potentials and water uptake by roots. Plant Soil 72: 1727; 1995.
Cregg, B.M.; Halpin, J.E.; Dougherty, P.M.; Teskey, R.O.
Comparative physiology and morphology of seedling
and mature forest trees. In: Noble, R.D.; Martin, J.L.;
Jensen, K.F., eds. Air Pollution Effects on Vegetation
Including Forest Ecosystems. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Agriculture; 1989:111-118.
Dodd, M.B.; Lauenroth, w.K.; Welker, J.M. Differential
water resource use by herbaceous and woody plant
life-forms in a shortgrass steppe community. Oecologia 117:504-512; 1998.
Dougherty, P.M.; Hinckley, T.M. The influence of a severe drought on net photosynthesis of white oak
(Quercus alba). Can. J. Bot. 59:335-341; 1981.
Eberhardt, L.L.; Thomas, J.M. Designing environmental
field studies. Ecol. Monogr. 61:53-73; 1991.
Ehleringer, J.R; Phillips, S.L.; Schuster, W.S.F.; Sandquist, D.R Differential utilization of summer rains by
desert plants. Oecologia 88:430--434; 1991.
Ellsworth, D.S.; Reich, P.B. Water relations and gas exchange of Acer saccharum seedlings in contrasting
natural light and water regimes. Tree Physiol. 10: 120; 1992.
Epron, D.; Dreyer, E.; Breda, N. Photosynthesis of oak
trees [Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.] during drought
under field conditions: Diurnal course of net CO2 assimilation and photochemical efficiency of photosystern II. Plant Cell Environ. 15:809-820; 1992.
Paul J. Hanson
Fay, P.A; Carlisle, J.D.; Knapp, AK.; Blair, J.M.; Collins, S.L. Altering rainfall timing and quantity in a
mesic grassland ecosystem: design and performance
of rainfall manipulation shelters. Ecosystems (in
press).
Flanagan, L.B.; Ehleringer, J.R; Marshall, J.D. Differential uptake of summer precipitation among cooccurring trees and shrubs in a pinyon-juniper woodland. Plant Cell Environ. 15:831-836; 1992.
Ginter-Whitehouse, D.L.; Hinckley, T.M.; Pallardy, S.G.
Spatial and temporal aspects of water relations of three
tree species with different vascular anatomy. For. Sci.
29:317-329; 1983.
Golluscio, RA; Sala, O.E.; Lauenroth, w.K. Differential
use of large summer rainfall events by shrubs and
grasses: A manipulative experiment in the Patagonian
steppe. Oecologia 115:17-25; 1998.
Gordon, D.R.; Welker, J.M.; Menke, J.w.; Price, K.J.
Competition for soil water between annual plants and
blue oak (Quercus douglasii) seedlings. Oecologia
79:533-541; 1989.
Graham, RL.; Turner, M.G.; Dale, V.H. How increasing
CO2 and climate change affect forests. BioScience
40:575-587; 1990.
Gundersen, P. Unintended differences between natural
and manipulated forest plots. In: Jenkins, A; Ferrier,
RC.; Kirby, c., eds. Ecosystem Manipulation Experiments: Scientific Approaches, Experimental Design
and Relevant Results. Ecosystem Research Report 20.
Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities; 1995:335-343.
Gundersen, P.; Andersen, B.R.; Beier, C.; Rasmussen, L.
Experimental manipulations of water and nutrient input to a Norway spruce plantation at Klosterhede,
Denmark. I. Unintended physical and chemical
changes by roof experiments. Plant Soil 168169:601--611; 1995.
Hagan, RM. et al., eds. Irrigation of Agricultural Lands.
Agronomy Monograph 11, Madison, WI: American
Society of Agronomy; 1967.
Hanson, PJ.; McLaughlin, S.B.; Garten, c.T., Jr. Application of artificial rain in experimental systems: Methods, results of case studies, and future needs. In: Payer,
H.D.; Pfirrmann, T.; Mathy, P., eds. Environmental Research with Plants in Closed Chambers. Air Pollution
Research Report 26, Commission of the European
Communities; 1990:223-233.
Hanson, PJ.; Todd, D.E.; Edwards, N.T.; Huston, M.A
Field performance of the Walker Branch Throughfall
Displacement Experiment. In: Jenkins, A; Ferrier,
RC.; Kirby, c., eds. Ecosystem Manipulation Experiments: Scientific Approaches, Experimental Design
and Relevant Results. Ecosystem Research Report 20.
Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities; 1995:307-313.
ronmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy
under contract DE-AC05-960R22464 with Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation. Publication 4893, Environmental Sciences Division,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
References
Abrahamsen, G.; Bjor, K.; Teigen, O. Field Experiments
with Simulated Acid Rain in Forest Ecosystems. 1. Soil
and Vegetation Characteristics, Experimental Design,
and Equipment. Res. Rep. 4, 1432 NISK, Aas-NLH,
Norway; 1977.
Beier, c.; Gundersen, P.; Hansen, K.; Rasmussen, L. Experimental manipulations of water and nutrient input
to a Norway spruce plantation at Klosterhede, Denmark. II. Effects on tree growth and nutrition. Plant
Soil 168-169:613--622; 1995.
Breda, N.; Cochard, H.; Dreyer, E.; A. Granier. Water
transfer in a mature oak stand (Quercus petraea): Seasonal evolution and effects of a severe drought. Can.
J. For. Res. 23:1136-1143; 1993.
Breda, N.; Granier, A; Barataud, F.; Moyne, C. Soil water dynamics in an oak stand. I. Soil moisture, water
potentials and water uptake by roots. Plant Soil 72: 1727; 1995.
Cregg, B.M.; Halpin, J.E.; Dougherty, P.M.; Teskey, R.O.
Comparative physiology and morphology of seedling
and mature forest trees. In: Noble, R.D.; Martin, J.L.;
Jensen, K.F., eds. Air Pollution Effects on Vegetation
Including Forest Ecosystems. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Agriculture; 1989:111-118.
Dodd, M.B.; Lauenroth, w.K.; Welker, J.M. Differential
water resource use by herbaceous and woody plant
life-forms in a shortgrass steppe community. Oecologia 117:504-512; 1998.
Dougherty, P.M.; Hinckley, T.M. The influence of a severe drought on net photosynthesis of white oak
(Quercus alba). Can. J. Bot. 59:335-341; 1981.
Eberhardt, L.L.; Thomas, J.M. Designing environmental
field studies. Ecol. Monogr. 61:53-73; 1991.
Ehleringer, J.R; Phillips, S.L.; Schuster, W.S.F.; Sandquist, D.R Differential utilization of summer rains by
desert plants. Oecologia 88:430--434; 1991.
Ellsworth, D.S.; Reich, P.B. Water relations and gas exchange of Acer saccharum seedlings in contrasting
natural light and water regimes. Tree Physiol. 10: 120; 1992.
Epron, D.; Dreyer, E.; Breda, N. Photosynthesis of oak
trees [Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.] during drought
under field conditions: Diurnal course of net CO2 assimilation and photochemical efficiency of photosystern II. Plant Cell Environ. 15:809-820; 1992.
Paul J. Hanson
Fay, P.A; Carlisle, J.D.; Knapp, AK.; Blair, J.M.; Collins, S.L. Altering rainfall timing and quantity in a
mesic grassland ecosystem: design and performance
of rainfall manipulation shelters. Ecosystems (in
press).
Flanagan, L.B.; Ehleringer, J.R; Marshall, J.D. Differential uptake of summer precipitation among cooccurring trees and shrubs in a pinyon-juniper woodland. Plant Cell Environ. 15:831-836; 1992.
Ginter-Whitehouse, D.L.; Hinckley, T.M.; Pallardy, S.G.
Spatial and temporal aspects of water relations of three
tree species with different vascular anatomy. For. Sci.
29:317-329; 1983.
Golluscio, RA; Sala, O.E.; Lauenroth, w.K. Differential
use of large summer rainfall events by shrubs and
grasses: A manipulative experiment in the Patagonian
steppe. Oecologia 115:17-25; 1998.
Gordon, D.R.; Welker, J.M.; Menke, J.w.; Price, K.J.
Competition for soil water between annual plants and
blue oak (Quercus douglasii) seedlings. Oecologia
79:533-541; 1989.
Graham, RL.; Turner, M.G.; Dale, V.H. How increasing
CO2 and climate change affect forests. BioScience
40:575-587; 1990.
Gundersen, P. Unintended differences between natural
and manipulated forest plots. In: Jenkins, A; Ferrier,
RC.; Kirby, c., eds. Ecosystem Manipulation Experiments: Scientific Approaches, Experimental Design
and Relevant Results. Ecosystem Research Report 20.
Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities; 1995:335-343.
Gundersen, P.; Andersen, B.R.; Beier, C.; Rasmussen, L.
Experimental manipulations of water and nutrient input to a Norway spruce plantation at Klosterhede,
Denmark. I. Unintended physical and chemical
changes by roof experiments. Plant Soil 168169:601--611; 1995.
Hagan, RM. et al., eds. Irrigation of Agricultural Lands.
Agronomy Monograph 11, Madison, WI: American
Society of Agronomy; 1967.
Hanson, PJ.; McLaughlin, S.B.; Garten, c.T., Jr. Application of artificial rain in experimental systems: Methods, results of case studies, and future needs. In: Payer,
H.D.; Pfirrmann, T.; Mathy, P., eds. Environmental Research with Plants in Closed Chambers. Air Pollution
Research Report 26, Commission of the European
Communities; 1990:223-233.
Hanson, PJ.; Todd, D.E.; Edwards, N.T.; Huston, M.A
Field performance of the Walker Branch Throughfall
Displacement Experiment. In: Jenkins, A; Ferrier,
RC.; Kirby, c., eds. Ecosystem Manipulation Experiments: Scientific Approaches, Experimental Design
and Relevant Results. Ecosystem Research Report 20.
Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities; 1995:307-313.