304
Valerie T. Eviner, F. Stuart Chapin III, and Charles E. Vaughn
Bremer, E.; Kuikman, P. Influence of competition for nitrogen in soil on net mineralization of nitrogen. Plant
Soil 190:119-126; 1997.
Bremner, J.M. Recent research on problems in the use of
urea as a nitrogen fertilizer. Fertil. Res. 42:321-329;
1995.
Bristow, A.W.; Ryden, J.C., Whitehead, D.C. The fate at
several time intervals of 15N-1abe1ed ammonium nitrate applied to an established grass sward. J. Soil Sci.
38:245-254; 1987.
Buchmann, N.; Gebauer, G.; Schulze, E.-D. Partitioning
of 15N-labeled ammonium and nitrate among soil, litter, below- and above-ground biomass of trees and understory in a 15-year-old Picea abies plantation. Biogeochemistry 33:1-23; 1996.
Chabrol, M.; Pow1son, D.S.; Hornby, D. Uptake by maize
(Zea mays L.) of nitrogen from 15N-labeled dazomet,
15N-labeled fertilizer and from the soil microbial biomass. Soil BioI. Biochem. 20:517-523; 1988.
Chang, S.x.; Preston, C.M.; McCullough, K.; Weetman,
G.F.; Barker, 1 Effect of understory competition on
distribution and recovery of 15N applied to a western
red cedar-western hemlock clear-cut site. Can. J. For.
Res. 26:313-321; 1996.
Chapin, F.S., III. The mineral nutrition of wild plants.
Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 11:233-260; 1980.
Chapin, F.S., III, Vitousek, PM, Van Cleve, K. The nature
of nutrient limitation in plant communities. Am. Naturalist 127:48-58; 1986.
Chapin, F.S., III; Bloom, A.1; Field, C.B.; Waring, R.H.
Plant responses to multiple environmental factors.
BioScience 37:49-57; 1987.
Chapin, F.S., III; Walker, L.R.; Fastie, C.L.; Sharman,
L.C. Mechanisms of primary succession following deglaciation at Glacier Bay, Alaska. Ecol. Monog.
64:149-175; 1994.
Chapin, F.S., III; Shaver, G.R.; Giblin, A.E.; Nadelhoffer,
K.G.; Laundre, J.A. Response of arctic tundra to experimental and observed changes in climate. Ecology
76:694-711; 1995.
Clarholm, M. Microbial biomass P, labile P, and acid
phosphatase activity in the humus layer of a spruce
forest, after repeated additions of fertilizers. BioI. Fertil. Soils 16:287-292; 1993.
Clinton, P.w.; Mead, DJ. Competition for nitrogen between Pinus radiata and pasture. II. Trends in plant
and soil processes. Can. 1 For. Res. 24:889-896;
1994.
Crabtree, R.C.; Bazzaz, F.A. Seedling response of four
birch species to simulated nitrogen deposition: ammonium vs. nitrate. Ecol. Applic. 3:315-321; 1993.
Cui, M.; Caldwell, M.M. A large ephemeral release of
nitrogen upon wetting of dry soil and corresponding
root responses in the field. Plant Soil 191:291-299;
1997.
Daniels, R.B.; Gilliam, J.W. Sediment and chemical load
reduction by grass and riparian filters. Soil Sci. Soc.
Am. J. 60:246-251; 1996.
Davidson, E.A.; Hart, S.C.; Shanks, c.A.; Firestone,
M.K. Measuring gross nitrogen mineralization, immobilization, and nitrification by 15N isotopic pool dilution in intact soil cores. J. Soil Sci. 42:335-349;
1991.
Di, HJ.; Condron, L.M.; Fossard, E. Isotope techniques
to study phosphorus cycling in agricultural and forest
soils: a review. BioI. Fertil. Soils 24:1-12; 1997.
Drury, C.F.; Beauchamp, E.G. Ammonium fixation, release, nitrification, and immobilization in high-fixing
and low-fixing soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 1 55:125129; 1991.
Eriksen, 1 Incorporation of S into soil organic matter in
the field as determined by the natural abundance of
stable S isotopes. BioI. Fertil. Soils 22:149-155; 1996.
Fan, A.M.; Steinberg, V.E. Health implications of nitrate
and nitrite in drinking water: An update on methemoglobinemia occurrence and reproductive and developmental toxicity. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol.
23:35-43; 1996.
Feijtel, T.C.; Salingar, Y.; Hordijk, C.A.; Sweerts,
1P.R.A.; van Breemen, N.; Cappenberg, T.H.E. Sulfur
cycling in a Dutch moorland pool under elevated atmospheric S-deposition. Water Air Soil Pollut
44:215-234; 1989.
Fernandez, I.J.; Rustad, L.E. Soil response to sulfur and
nitrogen treatments in a northern New England (USA)
low elevation coniferous forest. Water Air Soil Pollut.
52:23-40; 1990.
[FAO] Food and Agricultural Organization of the United
Nations. Fertilizer Strategies. Rome:FAO; 1987.
Forsius, M.; Kleemola, S.; Starr, M.; Ruoho-Airola, T.
Ion mass budgets for small forested catchments in Finland. Water Air Soil Poll. 79:19-38; 1995.
Foster, N.W.; Beauchamp, E.G.; Corke, C.T. Immobilization of nitrogen-15-labeled urea in a Jack Pine forest
floor. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49:448-452; 1985.
Friedland, AJ.; Miller, E.K.; Battles, lJ.; Thome, 1F.
Nitrogen deposition, distribution and cycling in a subalpine spruce-fir forest in the Adirondacks, New York,
USA. Biogeochemistry 14:31-55; 1991.
Ghani, A.; McLaren, R.G.; Swift, R.S. The incorporation
and transformation of 35S in soil: Effects of soil conditioning and glucose or sulphate additions. Soil BioI.
Biochem. 25:327-335; 1993.
Goodman, G.T.; Perkins, D.F. The role of mineral nutrients in Eriophorum communities. III. Growth response to added inorganic elements in two Eriophorum vaginatum communities. J. Ecol. 56:667-683;
1968.
Gunn, 1M. Restoration and recovery of an industrial region: Progress in restoring the smelter-damaged land-
Valerie T. Eviner, F. Stuart Chapin III, and Charles E. Vaughn
Bremer, E.; Kuikman, P. Influence of competition for nitrogen in soil on net mineralization of nitrogen. Plant
Soil 190:119-126; 1997.
Bremner, J.M. Recent research on problems in the use of
urea as a nitrogen fertilizer. Fertil. Res. 42:321-329;
1995.
Bristow, A.W.; Ryden, J.C., Whitehead, D.C. The fate at
several time intervals of 15N-1abe1ed ammonium nitrate applied to an established grass sward. J. Soil Sci.
38:245-254; 1987.
Buchmann, N.; Gebauer, G.; Schulze, E.-D. Partitioning
of 15N-labeled ammonium and nitrate among soil, litter, below- and above-ground biomass of trees and understory in a 15-year-old Picea abies plantation. Biogeochemistry 33:1-23; 1996.
Chabrol, M.; Pow1son, D.S.; Hornby, D. Uptake by maize
(Zea mays L.) of nitrogen from 15N-labeled dazomet,
15N-labeled fertilizer and from the soil microbial biomass. Soil BioI. Biochem. 20:517-523; 1988.
Chang, S.x.; Preston, C.M.; McCullough, K.; Weetman,
G.F.; Barker, 1 Effect of understory competition on
distribution and recovery of 15N applied to a western
red cedar-western hemlock clear-cut site. Can. J. For.
Res. 26:313-321; 1996.
Chapin, F.S., III. The mineral nutrition of wild plants.
Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 11:233-260; 1980.
Chapin, F.S., III, Vitousek, PM, Van Cleve, K. The nature
of nutrient limitation in plant communities. Am. Naturalist 127:48-58; 1986.
Chapin, F.S., III; Bloom, A.1; Field, C.B.; Waring, R.H.
Plant responses to multiple environmental factors.
BioScience 37:49-57; 1987.
Chapin, F.S., III; Walker, L.R.; Fastie, C.L.; Sharman,
L.C. Mechanisms of primary succession following deglaciation at Glacier Bay, Alaska. Ecol. Monog.
64:149-175; 1994.
Chapin, F.S., III; Shaver, G.R.; Giblin, A.E.; Nadelhoffer,
K.G.; Laundre, J.A. Response of arctic tundra to experimental and observed changes in climate. Ecology
76:694-711; 1995.
Clarholm, M. Microbial biomass P, labile P, and acid
phosphatase activity in the humus layer of a spruce
forest, after repeated additions of fertilizers. BioI. Fertil. Soils 16:287-292; 1993.
Clinton, P.w.; Mead, DJ. Competition for nitrogen between Pinus radiata and pasture. II. Trends in plant
and soil processes. Can. 1 For. Res. 24:889-896;
1994.
Crabtree, R.C.; Bazzaz, F.A. Seedling response of four
birch species to simulated nitrogen deposition: ammonium vs. nitrate. Ecol. Applic. 3:315-321; 1993.
Cui, M.; Caldwell, M.M. A large ephemeral release of
nitrogen upon wetting of dry soil and corresponding
root responses in the field. Plant Soil 191:291-299;
1997.
Daniels, R.B.; Gilliam, J.W. Sediment and chemical load
reduction by grass and riparian filters. Soil Sci. Soc.
Am. J. 60:246-251; 1996.
Davidson, E.A.; Hart, S.C.; Shanks, c.A.; Firestone,
M.K. Measuring gross nitrogen mineralization, immobilization, and nitrification by 15N isotopic pool dilution in intact soil cores. J. Soil Sci. 42:335-349;
1991.
Di, HJ.; Condron, L.M.; Fossard, E. Isotope techniques
to study phosphorus cycling in agricultural and forest
soils: a review. BioI. Fertil. Soils 24:1-12; 1997.
Drury, C.F.; Beauchamp, E.G. Ammonium fixation, release, nitrification, and immobilization in high-fixing
and low-fixing soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 1 55:125129; 1991.
Eriksen, 1 Incorporation of S into soil organic matter in
the field as determined by the natural abundance of
stable S isotopes. BioI. Fertil. Soils 22:149-155; 1996.
Fan, A.M.; Steinberg, V.E. Health implications of nitrate
and nitrite in drinking water: An update on methemoglobinemia occurrence and reproductive and developmental toxicity. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol.
23:35-43; 1996.
Feijtel, T.C.; Salingar, Y.; Hordijk, C.A.; Sweerts,
1P.R.A.; van Breemen, N.; Cappenberg, T.H.E. Sulfur
cycling in a Dutch moorland pool under elevated atmospheric S-deposition. Water Air Soil Pollut
44:215-234; 1989.
Fernandez, I.J.; Rustad, L.E. Soil response to sulfur and
nitrogen treatments in a northern New England (USA)
low elevation coniferous forest. Water Air Soil Pollut.
52:23-40; 1990.
[FAO] Food and Agricultural Organization of the United
Nations. Fertilizer Strategies. Rome:FAO; 1987.
Forsius, M.; Kleemola, S.; Starr, M.; Ruoho-Airola, T.
Ion mass budgets for small forested catchments in Finland. Water Air Soil Poll. 79:19-38; 1995.
Foster, N.W.; Beauchamp, E.G.; Corke, C.T. Immobilization of nitrogen-15-labeled urea in a Jack Pine forest
floor. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49:448-452; 1985.
Friedland, AJ.; Miller, E.K.; Battles, lJ.; Thome, 1F.
Nitrogen deposition, distribution and cycling in a subalpine spruce-fir forest in the Adirondacks, New York,
USA. Biogeochemistry 14:31-55; 1991.
Ghani, A.; McLaren, R.G.; Swift, R.S. The incorporation
and transformation of 35S in soil: Effects of soil conditioning and glucose or sulphate additions. Soil BioI.
Biochem. 25:327-335; 1993.
Goodman, G.T.; Perkins, D.F. The role of mineral nutrients in Eriophorum communities. III. Growth response to added inorganic elements in two Eriophorum vaginatum communities. J. Ecol. 56:667-683;
1968.
Gunn, 1M. Restoration and recovery of an industrial region: Progress in restoring the smelter-damaged land-