17. Deposition of Nutrients and Pollutants to Ecosystems
Hedin, L.O.; Hetherington, E. Atmospheric and geologic
constraints on the biogeochemistry of North and South
American temperate rain forests. In: Lawford, R.G.;
Alaback, P.B.; Fuentes, E. High-Latitude Rainforests
and Associated Ecosystems of the West Coast of the
Americas. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1996:57-74.
Hedin, L.O.; G.E. Likens. Atmospheric Dust and Acid
Rain. Scientific American 275:88-92; 1996.
Hicks, B.B.; Baldocchi, D.D.; Meyers, T.P.; Hosker, R.P.,
Jr.; Matt, D.R. A preliminary multiple resistance routine for deriving deposition velocities from measured
quantities. Water Air Soil Pollut. 30:75-90; 1987.
Howarth, RW.; Billen, G.; Swaney, D.; Townsend, A;
Jaworski, N.; Lajhta, K.; Downing, J.A; Elmgren, R;
Caraco, N.; Jordan, T.; Berendse, F.; Freny, J.; Kudeyarov, V.; Murdoch, P.; Zhao-Liang, Z. Regional nitrogen budgets and riverine N and P fluxes for the drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean: Natural and human
influences. Biogeochemistry 35:75-139; 1996.
Johnson, D.W.; Van Miegroet, H.; Lindberg, S.E.; Todd,
D.E. Nutrient cycling in red spruce forests of the Great
Smoky Mountains. Can. J. For. Res. 21:769-787;
1991.
Jordan, C.F. Nutrient Cycling in Tropical Forest Ecosystems: Principles and Their Applications. New York:
Wiley; 1985.
Keene, W.C.; Talbot, R.W.; Andreae, M.O.; Beecher, K.;
Berresheim, H.; Castro, M.; Farmer, J.C.; Galloway,
J.N.; Hoffmann, M.R.; Li, S.M.; Maben, J.R; Munger,
J.W.; Norton, RB.; Pszenny, AP.; Puxbaum, H.;
Westberg, H.; Winiwarter, W. An intercomparison of
measurement systems for vapor and particulate phase
concentrations of formic and acetic-acids. J. Geophys.
Res. Atmos. 94:6457-6471; 1989.
Kendall, C.; McDonnell, J.J. (eds.). Isotope Tracers in
Catchment Hydrology. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1998.
Kendall, C.; Sklash, M.G.; Bullen, T.D. Isotope tracers
of water and solute sources in catchments. In Trudgill,
S.T. Solute Modelling in Catchment Systems. New
York: Wiley; 1995:262-303.
Kennedy, M.J.; Chadwick, O.A; Vitousek, P.M.; Derry,
L.A; Hendricks, D.M. Changing sources of base cations during ecosystem development, Hawaiian Islands. Geology 26:1015-1018; 1998.
Lesack, L.F.W.; Melack, J.M. Mass balance of major solutes in a rainforest catchment in the Central Amazon:
implications for nutrient budgets in tropical rainforests. Biogeochemistry 32:115-152; 1996.
Lewis, W.J. Precipitation chemistry and nutrient loading
by precipitation in a tropical watershed. Water Resourc. Res. 17:169-181; 1981.
Likens, G.E.; Bormann, F.H. Acid rain: A serious regional environmental problem. Science 184:11761179; 1974.
275
Likens, G.E.; Bormann, F.H.; Hedin, L.O.; Driscoll, C.T.
Dry deposition of sulfur: A 23-year record for the
Hubbard Brook Forest ecosystem. Tellus 42B:319329; 1990.
Lin, Z.Q.; Schuepp, P.H.; Schemenauer, RS.; Kennedy,
G.G. Trace-metal contamination in and on balsam fir
(Abies balsamea) foliage in southern Quebec, Canada.
Water Air Soil Pollut. 81:175-191; 1995.
Lindberg, S.E.; Kim, K.H.; Meyers, T.P.; Owens, J.G.
Micrometeorological gradient approach for quantifying air-surface exchange of mercury-vapor-tests over
contaminated soils. Environ. Sci. Techno!. 29: 126135; 1995.
Lovett, G.M. Rates and mechanisms of cloud water deposition to a subalpine balsam fir forest. Atmos. Environ. 18:361-371; 1984.
Lovett, G.M. Atmospheric deposition of nutrients and
pollutants in North America: An ecological perspective. Eco!. Applic. 4:629-650; 1994.
Lovett, G.M.; Bowser, lJ.; Edgerton, E.S. Atmospheric
deposition to watersheds in complex terrain. Hydro!.
Process. 11:645-654; 1997.
Lovett, G.M.; Kinsman, J.D. Atmospheric pollutant deposition to high-elevation ecosystems. Atmos. Environ.
24A:2767-2786; 1990.
Lovett, G.M.; Likens, G.E.; Nolan, S.S. Dry deposition
of sulfur to the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest:
A preliminary comparison of methods. In: Schwartz,
S.E.; Slinn, W.G.N., eds. Precipitation Scavenging
and Atmosphere-Suiface Exchange. Vol. 3. Washington, DC: Hemisphere; 1992:1391-1402.
Lovett, G.M.; Reiners, W.A Canopy structure and cloud
water deposition in subalpine coniferous forests. TelIus 38B:319-327; 1986.
Lovett, G.M.; Reiners, W.A; Olsen, RK. Cloud droplet
deposition in subalpine balsam-fir forests: Hydrological and chemical inputs. Science 218:1303-1304;
1982.
Macko, S.A; Ostrom, N.E. Pollution studies using stable
isotopes. In: Lajtha, K.; Michener, RH. Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science. London:
Blackwell; 1994:45-62.
Meyers, T.P.; Finkelstein, P.; Clarke, J.; Ellestad, J.G.;
Sims, P.F. A multi-layer model for inferring dry deposition using standard meterological measurements.
J. Geophysical Res. 103:645-666; 1998.
Miller, E.K.; Blum, J.D.; Friedland, AJ. Determination
of soil exchangeable-cation loss and weathering rates
using Sr isotopes. Nature 362:438-441; 1993.
Moncrieff, J.; Valentini, R; Greco, S.; Seufert, G.; Ciccioli, P. Trace gas exchange over terrestrial ecosystems: Methods and perspectives in micrometeorology.
J. Exp. Bot. 48:1133-1142; 1997.
NADP/AIRMON. Site Operator's Manualfor the NADP
Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Net-
Hedin, L.O.; Hetherington, E. Atmospheric and geologic
constraints on the biogeochemistry of North and South
American temperate rain forests. In: Lawford, R.G.;
Alaback, P.B.; Fuentes, E. High-Latitude Rainforests
and Associated Ecosystems of the West Coast of the
Americas. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1996:57-74.
Hedin, L.O.; G.E. Likens. Atmospheric Dust and Acid
Rain. Scientific American 275:88-92; 1996.
Hicks, B.B.; Baldocchi, D.D.; Meyers, T.P.; Hosker, R.P.,
Jr.; Matt, D.R. A preliminary multiple resistance routine for deriving deposition velocities from measured
quantities. Water Air Soil Pollut. 30:75-90; 1987.
Howarth, RW.; Billen, G.; Swaney, D.; Townsend, A;
Jaworski, N.; Lajhta, K.; Downing, J.A; Elmgren, R;
Caraco, N.; Jordan, T.; Berendse, F.; Freny, J.; Kudeyarov, V.; Murdoch, P.; Zhao-Liang, Z. Regional nitrogen budgets and riverine N and P fluxes for the drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean: Natural and human
influences. Biogeochemistry 35:75-139; 1996.
Johnson, D.W.; Van Miegroet, H.; Lindberg, S.E.; Todd,
D.E. Nutrient cycling in red spruce forests of the Great
Smoky Mountains. Can. J. For. Res. 21:769-787;
1991.
Jordan, C.F. Nutrient Cycling in Tropical Forest Ecosystems: Principles and Their Applications. New York:
Wiley; 1985.
Keene, W.C.; Talbot, R.W.; Andreae, M.O.; Beecher, K.;
Berresheim, H.; Castro, M.; Farmer, J.C.; Galloway,
J.N.; Hoffmann, M.R.; Li, S.M.; Maben, J.R; Munger,
J.W.; Norton, RB.; Pszenny, AP.; Puxbaum, H.;
Westberg, H.; Winiwarter, W. An intercomparison of
measurement systems for vapor and particulate phase
concentrations of formic and acetic-acids. J. Geophys.
Res. Atmos. 94:6457-6471; 1989.
Kendall, C.; McDonnell, J.J. (eds.). Isotope Tracers in
Catchment Hydrology. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1998.
Kendall, C.; Sklash, M.G.; Bullen, T.D. Isotope tracers
of water and solute sources in catchments. In Trudgill,
S.T. Solute Modelling in Catchment Systems. New
York: Wiley; 1995:262-303.
Kennedy, M.J.; Chadwick, O.A; Vitousek, P.M.; Derry,
L.A; Hendricks, D.M. Changing sources of base cations during ecosystem development, Hawaiian Islands. Geology 26:1015-1018; 1998.
Lesack, L.F.W.; Melack, J.M. Mass balance of major solutes in a rainforest catchment in the Central Amazon:
implications for nutrient budgets in tropical rainforests. Biogeochemistry 32:115-152; 1996.
Lewis, W.J. Precipitation chemistry and nutrient loading
by precipitation in a tropical watershed. Water Resourc. Res. 17:169-181; 1981.
Likens, G.E.; Bormann, F.H. Acid rain: A serious regional environmental problem. Science 184:11761179; 1974.
275
Likens, G.E.; Bormann, F.H.; Hedin, L.O.; Driscoll, C.T.
Dry deposition of sulfur: A 23-year record for the
Hubbard Brook Forest ecosystem. Tellus 42B:319329; 1990.
Lin, Z.Q.; Schuepp, P.H.; Schemenauer, RS.; Kennedy,
G.G. Trace-metal contamination in and on balsam fir
(Abies balsamea) foliage in southern Quebec, Canada.
Water Air Soil Pollut. 81:175-191; 1995.
Lindberg, S.E.; Kim, K.H.; Meyers, T.P.; Owens, J.G.
Micrometeorological gradient approach for quantifying air-surface exchange of mercury-vapor-tests over
contaminated soils. Environ. Sci. Techno!. 29: 126135; 1995.
Lovett, G.M. Rates and mechanisms of cloud water deposition to a subalpine balsam fir forest. Atmos. Environ. 18:361-371; 1984.
Lovett, G.M. Atmospheric deposition of nutrients and
pollutants in North America: An ecological perspective. Eco!. Applic. 4:629-650; 1994.
Lovett, G.M.; Bowser, lJ.; Edgerton, E.S. Atmospheric
deposition to watersheds in complex terrain. Hydro!.
Process. 11:645-654; 1997.
Lovett, G.M.; Kinsman, J.D. Atmospheric pollutant deposition to high-elevation ecosystems. Atmos. Environ.
24A:2767-2786; 1990.
Lovett, G.M.; Likens, G.E.; Nolan, S.S. Dry deposition
of sulfur to the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest:
A preliminary comparison of methods. In: Schwartz,
S.E.; Slinn, W.G.N., eds. Precipitation Scavenging
and Atmosphere-Suiface Exchange. Vol. 3. Washington, DC: Hemisphere; 1992:1391-1402.
Lovett, G.M.; Reiners, W.A Canopy structure and cloud
water deposition in subalpine coniferous forests. TelIus 38B:319-327; 1986.
Lovett, G.M.; Reiners, W.A; Olsen, RK. Cloud droplet
deposition in subalpine balsam-fir forests: Hydrological and chemical inputs. Science 218:1303-1304;
1982.
Macko, S.A; Ostrom, N.E. Pollution studies using stable
isotopes. In: Lajtha, K.; Michener, RH. Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science. London:
Blackwell; 1994:45-62.
Meyers, T.P.; Finkelstein, P.; Clarke, J.; Ellestad, J.G.;
Sims, P.F. A multi-layer model for inferring dry deposition using standard meterological measurements.
J. Geophysical Res. 103:645-666; 1998.
Miller, E.K.; Blum, J.D.; Friedland, AJ. Determination
of soil exchangeable-cation loss and weathering rates
using Sr isotopes. Nature 362:438-441; 1993.
Moncrieff, J.; Valentini, R; Greco, S.; Seufert, G.; Ciccioli, P. Trace gas exchange over terrestrial ecosystems: Methods and perspectives in micrometeorology.
J. Exp. Bot. 48:1133-1142; 1997.
NADP/AIRMON. Site Operator's Manualfor the NADP
Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Net-