16. Ecosystem Nutrient Balance and Dynamics
moderate NH4N03 addition. For. Ecol. Manage.
101:251-268; 1998.
Gundersen, P.; Rasmussen, L. Nitrogen mobility in a nitrogen limited forest at Klosterhede, Denmark, examined by NH4N03 addition. For. Ecol. Manage.
71:75-88; 1995.
Hart, S.c.; Firestone, M.K; Paul, E.A.; Smith, J.L. Flow
and fate of soil nitrogen in an annual grassland and a
young mixed-conifer forest. Soil BioI. Biochem.
25:431--442; 1993.
Hedin, L.O.; Armesto, J.1.; Johnson, A.H. Patterns ofnutrient loss from unpolluted, old-growth temperate forests: Evaluation of biogeochemical theory. Ecology
76:493-509; 1995.
Hicks, B.B.; Hosker, R.P.1.; Meyers, T.P.; Womack, J.D.
Dry deposition inferential techniques. I. Design and
tests of a prototype meteorological and chemical system for determining dry deposition. Atmos. Environ.
25A:2345-2359; 1991.
Hicks, B.B.; We seley, M.L.; Durham, J.L. Critique of
Methods to Measure Dry Deposition. EPA-600/9-80050. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA); 1980.
Hicks, B.B.; Weseley, M.L.; Lindberg, S.E.; Bromberg,
S.M., eds. Proceedings of the Dry Deposition Workshop of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program, March 1986. Oak Ridge, TN: NOAA!
ATDD; 1986.
Hill, A.R. Nitrate removal in stream riparian zones. J.
Environ. Qual. 25:743-755; 1996.
Holmes, RM.; Jones, lB.J.; Fisher, S.G.; Grimm, N.B.
Denitrification in a nitrogen-limited stream ecosystem.
Biogeochemistry 33:125-146; 1996.
Howarth, RW.; Billen, G.; Swaney, D.; Townsend, A.;
Jaworski, N.; Lajtha, K; Downing, J.A.; Elmgren, R;
Caraco, N.; Jordan, T.; Berendse, F.; Freney, J.; Kudeyarov, V; Murdoch, P.; Zhao-lang, Z. Regional nitrogen budgets and riverine N and P fluxes for the
drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean: Natural and
human influences. Biogeochemistry 35:75-139; 1996.
Hultberg, H.; Grennfelt, P. Sulphur and seasalt deposition
as reflected by throughfall and runoff chemistry in forested catchments. Environ. Pollut. 755:215-222;
1992.
Jaworski, N.A.; Groffman, P.M.; Keller, A.A.; Prager,
lC. Watershed nitrogen and phosphorus balance: Upper Potomac River basin. Estuaries 15:83-95; 1992.
Johnson, D.W. Nitrogen retention in forest soils. l Environ. Qual. 21:1-12; 1992.
Johnson, D.W. Soil properties beneath ceanothus and
pine stands in the eastern Sierra Nevada. Soil Sci. Soc.
Am. J. 59:918-924; 1995.
Johnson, N.M.; Likens, G.E.; Bormann, F.H.; Pierce,
R.S. Rate of chemical weathering of silicate minerals
261
in New Hampshire. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
32:531-545; 1968.
Johnson, D.W.; Lindberg, S.E., eds. Atmospheric Deposition and Forest Nutrient Cycling: A Synthesis of the
Integrated Forest Study. New York: Springer-Verlag;
1992.
Johnson, D.W.; Swank, w.T.; Vose, lM. Effects of liming on soils and streamwaters in a deciduous forest:
Comparison of field results and simulations. l Environ. Qual. 24:1105-1117; 1995.
Johnson, D.W.; Van Hook, R.I., eds. Analysis of Biogeochemical Cycling Processes in Walker Branch Watershed. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1989.
Jordan, M.1.; Nadelhoffer, K.1.; Fry, B. Nitrogen cycling
in forest and grass ecosystems irrigated with 15N_en_
riched wastewater. Ecol. Applic. 7:864--881; 1997.
Joslin, lD.; Kelly, lM.; Van Miegroet, H. Soil chemistry
and nutrition of North American spruce-fir stands:
Evidence for recent change. J. Environ. Quality
21:12-30; 1992.
Joslin, J.D.; Wolfe, M.H. Red spruce soil solution chemistry and root distribution across a cloud water deposition gradient. Can. J. For. Res. 22:893-904; 1992.
Joye, S.B.; Smith, S.V.; Hollibaugh, IT.; Paerl, H.W. Estimating denitrification rates in estuarine sediments: A
comparison of stoichiometric and acetylene based
methods. Biogeochemistry 33:197-215; 1996.
Kahl, lS.; Norton, S.A.; Fernandez, U.; Nadelhoffer,
K.J.; Driscoll, C.T.; Aber, lD. Experimental inducement of nitrogen saturation at the watershed scale. Environ. Sci. Technol. 27:565-568; 1993.
Kapustka, L.A.; Dubois; J.D. Dinitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria and associative rhizosphere bacteria in the
Arapaho Prairie in the Sand Hills of Nebraska. Am. l
Bot. 74:107-113; 1987
Kjonaas, O.J.; Stuanes, A.O.; Huse, M. Effects of weekly
nitrogen additions on N cycling in a coniferous forest
catchment, Gardsjon, Sweden. For. Ecol. Manage.
101:227-250; 1998.
Knicker, H., Ludemann, H.-D.; Haider, K. Incorporation
studies of NHt during incubation of organic residues
by 15N-CPMAS-NMR spectroscopy. Eur. J. Soil Sci.
48:431--441; 1997.
Koopmans, C.J.; Tietema, A.; Boxman, A.w. The fate of
15N enriched throughfall in two coniferous forest
stands at different nitrogen deposition levels. Biogeochemistry 34:19--44; 1996.
Lajtha, K; Jarrell, w.; Johnson, D.W.; Sollins, P. Collection of soil solution. In: Robertson, P.; Coleman, D.;
Bledsoe, C.; Sollins, P., eds. Standard Soil Methods
for Long-Term Ecological Research. Oxford: Oxford
Univ. Pr.; 1999.
Lajtha, K; Seely, B.; Valiela, I. Retention and leaching
losses of atmospherically-derived nitrogen in the ag-
moderate NH4N03 addition. For. Ecol. Manage.
101:251-268; 1998.
Gundersen, P.; Rasmussen, L. Nitrogen mobility in a nitrogen limited forest at Klosterhede, Denmark, examined by NH4N03 addition. For. Ecol. Manage.
71:75-88; 1995.
Hart, S.c.; Firestone, M.K; Paul, E.A.; Smith, J.L. Flow
and fate of soil nitrogen in an annual grassland and a
young mixed-conifer forest. Soil BioI. Biochem.
25:431--442; 1993.
Hedin, L.O.; Armesto, J.1.; Johnson, A.H. Patterns ofnutrient loss from unpolluted, old-growth temperate forests: Evaluation of biogeochemical theory. Ecology
76:493-509; 1995.
Hicks, B.B.; Hosker, R.P.1.; Meyers, T.P.; Womack, J.D.
Dry deposition inferential techniques. I. Design and
tests of a prototype meteorological and chemical system for determining dry deposition. Atmos. Environ.
25A:2345-2359; 1991.
Hicks, B.B.; We seley, M.L.; Durham, J.L. Critique of
Methods to Measure Dry Deposition. EPA-600/9-80050. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA); 1980.
Hicks, B.B.; Weseley, M.L.; Lindberg, S.E.; Bromberg,
S.M., eds. Proceedings of the Dry Deposition Workshop of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program, March 1986. Oak Ridge, TN: NOAA!
ATDD; 1986.
Hill, A.R. Nitrate removal in stream riparian zones. J.
Environ. Qual. 25:743-755; 1996.
Holmes, RM.; Jones, lB.J.; Fisher, S.G.; Grimm, N.B.
Denitrification in a nitrogen-limited stream ecosystem.
Biogeochemistry 33:125-146; 1996.
Howarth, RW.; Billen, G.; Swaney, D.; Townsend, A.;
Jaworski, N.; Lajtha, K; Downing, J.A.; Elmgren, R;
Caraco, N.; Jordan, T.; Berendse, F.; Freney, J.; Kudeyarov, V; Murdoch, P.; Zhao-lang, Z. Regional nitrogen budgets and riverine N and P fluxes for the
drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean: Natural and
human influences. Biogeochemistry 35:75-139; 1996.
Hultberg, H.; Grennfelt, P. Sulphur and seasalt deposition
as reflected by throughfall and runoff chemistry in forested catchments. Environ. Pollut. 755:215-222;
1992.
Jaworski, N.A.; Groffman, P.M.; Keller, A.A.; Prager,
lC. Watershed nitrogen and phosphorus balance: Upper Potomac River basin. Estuaries 15:83-95; 1992.
Johnson, D.W. Nitrogen retention in forest soils. l Environ. Qual. 21:1-12; 1992.
Johnson, D.W. Soil properties beneath ceanothus and
pine stands in the eastern Sierra Nevada. Soil Sci. Soc.
Am. J. 59:918-924; 1995.
Johnson, N.M.; Likens, G.E.; Bormann, F.H.; Pierce,
R.S. Rate of chemical weathering of silicate minerals
261
in New Hampshire. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
32:531-545; 1968.
Johnson, D.W.; Lindberg, S.E., eds. Atmospheric Deposition and Forest Nutrient Cycling: A Synthesis of the
Integrated Forest Study. New York: Springer-Verlag;
1992.
Johnson, D.W.; Swank, w.T.; Vose, lM. Effects of liming on soils and streamwaters in a deciduous forest:
Comparison of field results and simulations. l Environ. Qual. 24:1105-1117; 1995.
Johnson, D.W.; Van Hook, R.I., eds. Analysis of Biogeochemical Cycling Processes in Walker Branch Watershed. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1989.
Jordan, M.1.; Nadelhoffer, K.1.; Fry, B. Nitrogen cycling
in forest and grass ecosystems irrigated with 15N_en_
riched wastewater. Ecol. Applic. 7:864--881; 1997.
Joslin, lD.; Kelly, lM.; Van Miegroet, H. Soil chemistry
and nutrition of North American spruce-fir stands:
Evidence for recent change. J. Environ. Quality
21:12-30; 1992.
Joslin, J.D.; Wolfe, M.H. Red spruce soil solution chemistry and root distribution across a cloud water deposition gradient. Can. J. For. Res. 22:893-904; 1992.
Joye, S.B.; Smith, S.V.; Hollibaugh, IT.; Paerl, H.W. Estimating denitrification rates in estuarine sediments: A
comparison of stoichiometric and acetylene based
methods. Biogeochemistry 33:197-215; 1996.
Kahl, lS.; Norton, S.A.; Fernandez, U.; Nadelhoffer,
K.J.; Driscoll, C.T.; Aber, lD. Experimental inducement of nitrogen saturation at the watershed scale. Environ. Sci. Technol. 27:565-568; 1993.
Kapustka, L.A.; Dubois; J.D. Dinitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria and associative rhizosphere bacteria in the
Arapaho Prairie in the Sand Hills of Nebraska. Am. l
Bot. 74:107-113; 1987
Kjonaas, O.J.; Stuanes, A.O.; Huse, M. Effects of weekly
nitrogen additions on N cycling in a coniferous forest
catchment, Gardsjon, Sweden. For. Ecol. Manage.
101:227-250; 1998.
Knicker, H., Ludemann, H.-D.; Haider, K. Incorporation
studies of NHt during incubation of organic residues
by 15N-CPMAS-NMR spectroscopy. Eur. J. Soil Sci.
48:431--441; 1997.
Koopmans, C.J.; Tietema, A.; Boxman, A.w. The fate of
15N enriched throughfall in two coniferous forest
stands at different nitrogen deposition levels. Biogeochemistry 34:19--44; 1996.
Lajtha, K; Jarrell, w.; Johnson, D.W.; Sollins, P. Collection of soil solution. In: Robertson, P.; Coleman, D.;
Bledsoe, C.; Sollins, P., eds. Standard Soil Methods
for Long-Term Ecological Research. Oxford: Oxford
Univ. Pr.; 1999.
Lajtha, K; Seely, B.; Valiela, I. Retention and leaching
losses of atmospherically-derived nitrogen in the ag-