260
Bormann, B.T.; Bormann, P.H.; Bowden, W.B.; Pierce,
RS.; Hamburg, S.P.; Wang, D.; Snyder, M.e.; Li,
C.Y.; Ingersoll, R.e. Rapid N2 fixation in pines, alder
and locust: Evidence from the sandbox ecosystem
study. Ecology 74:583-598; 1993.
Bormann, P.H.; Bowden, w.B.; Pierce, R.S.; Hamburg,
S.P.; Voigt, G.K.; Ingersoll, Re.; Likens, G.E. The
Hubbard Brook sandbox experiment. In: Jordan, W.R;
Gilpin, M.E.; Aber, J.D., eds. Restoration Ecology.
Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Pr.; 1987:251-256.
Bollmann, A.; Conrad, R Acetylene blockage technique
leads to underestimation of denitrification rates in oxic
soils due to scavenging of intermediate nitric oxide.
Soil BioI. Biochem. 29:1067-1078; 1997.
Bormann, P.H.; Likens, G.E.; Melillo, J.M. Nitrogen
budget for an aggrading northern hardwood forest ecosystem. Science 196:981-983; 1977.
Broadbent, P.E.; Carlton, A.B. Field trials with isotopically labelled nitrogen fertilizer. In: Nielson, D.R.;
MacDonald, J.G., eds. Nitrogen in the Environment.
New York: Academic; 1978:1-41.
Buchmann, N.; Gebauer, G.; Schulze, E.-D. Partitioning
of ISN-iabeled ammonium and nitrate among soil, litter, below- and above-ground biomass of trees and understory in a 15-year-old Picea abies plantation. Biogeochemistry 33:1-23; 1996.
Buchmann, N.; Schulze, E.-D.; Gebauer, G. 15N_ammo_
nium and ISN-nitrate uptake of a 15-year-old Picea
abies plantation. Oecologia 102:361-370; 1995.
Burns, D.A. Retention of NO; in an upland stream environment: A mass balance approach. Biogeochemistry 40:73-96; 1998.
Caldwell, M.M.; Eissenstat, D.M.; Richards, J.H.; Allen,
M.P. Competition for phosphorus: Differential uptake
from dual-isotope-labeled soil interspaces between
shrub and grass. Science 229:384-386; 1985.
Chorover, J.; Vitousek, P.M.; Everson, D.A.; Esperanza,
A.M.; Turner, D. Solution chemistry profiles of
mixed-conifer forests before and after fire. Biogeochemistry 26:115-144; 1994.
Christ, M.; Zhang, Y.; Likens, G.E.; Driscoll, C.T. Nitrogen retention capacity of a northern hardwood forest
soil under ammonium sulfate additions. EcoI. Applic.
5:802-812; 1995.
Christensen, S.; Simkins, S.; Tiedje, J.M. Spatial variation in denitrification: Dependency of activity centers
on the soil environment. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
54:1608-1613; 1990.
Currie, W.S.; Aber, J.D.; McDowell, W.H.; Boone, R.D.;
Magill, A.H. Vertical transport of dissolved organic C
and N under long-term N amendments in pine and
hardwood forests. Biogeochemistry 35:471-505;
1996.
Dawes, W.R.; Hatton, TJ. TOPOGjRM. 1. Model description. Canberra, Australia: CSIRO, Division of
Kate Lajtha
Water Resources, Canberra Laboratory, Institute of
Natural Resources and Environment; 1993.
Dise, N.B.; Wright, RP. Nitrogen leaching from European forests in relation to nitrogen deposition. For.
EcoI. Manage. 71:153-161; 1995.
Dodds, w.K.; Blair, J.M.; Henebry, G.M.; Koelliker,
J.K.; Ramundo, R.; Tate, C.M. Nitrogen transport
from tall grass prairie watersheds. J. Environ. Qual.
25:973-981; 1996.
Durka, w.; Schulze, E.-D.; Gebauer, G.; Voerkelius, S.
Effects of forest decline on uptake and leaching of
deposited nitrate determined from ISN and 18 0 measurements. Nature 372:765-726; 1994.
Emmett, B.A.; Reynolds, B.; Stevens, P.A.; Norris, D.A.;
Hughes, S.; Gorres, J.; Lubrecht, I. Nitrate leaching
from afforested Welsh catchments: Interactions between stand age and nitrogen deposition. Ambio
22:386-394; 1993.
Farrell, R.E.; Sandercock, PJ.; Pennock, DJ.; Van Kessel, C. Landscape-scale variations in leached nitrate:
Relationship to denitrification and natural nitrogen-15
abundance. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 60: 1410-1415; 1996.
Federer, e.A.; Hornbeck, J.w.; Tritton, L.M.; Martin,
e.w.; Pierce, RS.; Smith, e.T. Long term depletion
of calcium and other nutrients in eastern US forests.
Environ. Manage. 13:593-601; 1989.
Fenn, M.E.; Poth, M.A.; Johnson, D.W. Evidence for nitrogen saturation in the San Bernardino Mountains in
southern California. For. EcoI. Manage. 82:211-230;
1996.
Friedland, AJ.; Miller, E.K.; Battles, J.J.; Thorne, J.P.
Nitrogen deposition, distribution and cycling in a subalpine spruce-fir forest in the Adirondacks, New York,
USA. Biogeochemistry 14:31-55; 1991.
Frink, C.R Estimating nutrient exports to estuaries. J.
Environ. Qual. 20:717-724; 1991.
Gold, AJ.; DeRagon, W.R; Sullivan, W.M.; Lemunyon,
J.L. Nitrate-nitrogen losses to groundwater from rural
and suburban land uses. J. Soil Water Conserv.
45:305-310; 1990.
Grant, D.; Binkley, D. Rates of free-living nitrogen fixation in some piedmont forest types. For. Sci. 33:548551; 1987.
Grier, C.e. Wildfire effects on nutrient distribution and
leaching in a coniferous ecosystem. Can. J. For. Res.
5:599-607; 1975.
Groffman, P.M.; Tiedje, J.M. Denitrification in north
temperate forest soils: Relationships between denitrification and environmental factors at the landscape
scale. Soil BioI. Biochem. 21:621-626; 1989.
Gundersen, P. Nitrogen deposition and leaching in European forests: Preliminary results from a data compilation. Water Air Soil Pollut 85:1179-1184; 1995.
Gundersen, P. Effects of enhanced nitrogen deposition in
a spruce forest at Klosterhede, Denmark, examined by
Bormann, B.T.; Bormann, P.H.; Bowden, W.B.; Pierce,
RS.; Hamburg, S.P.; Wang, D.; Snyder, M.e.; Li,
C.Y.; Ingersoll, R.e. Rapid N2 fixation in pines, alder
and locust: Evidence from the sandbox ecosystem
study. Ecology 74:583-598; 1993.
Bormann, P.H.; Bowden, w.B.; Pierce, R.S.; Hamburg,
S.P.; Voigt, G.K.; Ingersoll, Re.; Likens, G.E. The
Hubbard Brook sandbox experiment. In: Jordan, W.R;
Gilpin, M.E.; Aber, J.D., eds. Restoration Ecology.
Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Pr.; 1987:251-256.
Bollmann, A.; Conrad, R Acetylene blockage technique
leads to underestimation of denitrification rates in oxic
soils due to scavenging of intermediate nitric oxide.
Soil BioI. Biochem. 29:1067-1078; 1997.
Bormann, P.H.; Likens, G.E.; Melillo, J.M. Nitrogen
budget for an aggrading northern hardwood forest ecosystem. Science 196:981-983; 1977.
Broadbent, P.E.; Carlton, A.B. Field trials with isotopically labelled nitrogen fertilizer. In: Nielson, D.R.;
MacDonald, J.G., eds. Nitrogen in the Environment.
New York: Academic; 1978:1-41.
Buchmann, N.; Gebauer, G.; Schulze, E.-D. Partitioning
of ISN-iabeled ammonium and nitrate among soil, litter, below- and above-ground biomass of trees and understory in a 15-year-old Picea abies plantation. Biogeochemistry 33:1-23; 1996.
Buchmann, N.; Schulze, E.-D.; Gebauer, G. 15N_ammo_
nium and ISN-nitrate uptake of a 15-year-old Picea
abies plantation. Oecologia 102:361-370; 1995.
Burns, D.A. Retention of NO; in an upland stream environment: A mass balance approach. Biogeochemistry 40:73-96; 1998.
Caldwell, M.M.; Eissenstat, D.M.; Richards, J.H.; Allen,
M.P. Competition for phosphorus: Differential uptake
from dual-isotope-labeled soil interspaces between
shrub and grass. Science 229:384-386; 1985.
Chorover, J.; Vitousek, P.M.; Everson, D.A.; Esperanza,
A.M.; Turner, D. Solution chemistry profiles of
mixed-conifer forests before and after fire. Biogeochemistry 26:115-144; 1994.
Christ, M.; Zhang, Y.; Likens, G.E.; Driscoll, C.T. Nitrogen retention capacity of a northern hardwood forest
soil under ammonium sulfate additions. EcoI. Applic.
5:802-812; 1995.
Christensen, S.; Simkins, S.; Tiedje, J.M. Spatial variation in denitrification: Dependency of activity centers
on the soil environment. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
54:1608-1613; 1990.
Currie, W.S.; Aber, J.D.; McDowell, W.H.; Boone, R.D.;
Magill, A.H. Vertical transport of dissolved organic C
and N under long-term N amendments in pine and
hardwood forests. Biogeochemistry 35:471-505;
1996.
Dawes, W.R.; Hatton, TJ. TOPOGjRM. 1. Model description. Canberra, Australia: CSIRO, Division of
Kate Lajtha
Water Resources, Canberra Laboratory, Institute of
Natural Resources and Environment; 1993.
Dise, N.B.; Wright, RP. Nitrogen leaching from European forests in relation to nitrogen deposition. For.
EcoI. Manage. 71:153-161; 1995.
Dodds, w.K.; Blair, J.M.; Henebry, G.M.; Koelliker,
J.K.; Ramundo, R.; Tate, C.M. Nitrogen transport
from tall grass prairie watersheds. J. Environ. Qual.
25:973-981; 1996.
Durka, w.; Schulze, E.-D.; Gebauer, G.; Voerkelius, S.
Effects of forest decline on uptake and leaching of
deposited nitrate determined from ISN and 18 0 measurements. Nature 372:765-726; 1994.
Emmett, B.A.; Reynolds, B.; Stevens, P.A.; Norris, D.A.;
Hughes, S.; Gorres, J.; Lubrecht, I. Nitrate leaching
from afforested Welsh catchments: Interactions between stand age and nitrogen deposition. Ambio
22:386-394; 1993.
Farrell, R.E.; Sandercock, PJ.; Pennock, DJ.; Van Kessel, C. Landscape-scale variations in leached nitrate:
Relationship to denitrification and natural nitrogen-15
abundance. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 60: 1410-1415; 1996.
Federer, e.A.; Hornbeck, J.w.; Tritton, L.M.; Martin,
e.w.; Pierce, RS.; Smith, e.T. Long term depletion
of calcium and other nutrients in eastern US forests.
Environ. Manage. 13:593-601; 1989.
Fenn, M.E.; Poth, M.A.; Johnson, D.W. Evidence for nitrogen saturation in the San Bernardino Mountains in
southern California. For. EcoI. Manage. 82:211-230;
1996.
Friedland, AJ.; Miller, E.K.; Battles, J.J.; Thorne, J.P.
Nitrogen deposition, distribution and cycling in a subalpine spruce-fir forest in the Adirondacks, New York,
USA. Biogeochemistry 14:31-55; 1991.
Frink, C.R Estimating nutrient exports to estuaries. J.
Environ. Qual. 20:717-724; 1991.
Gold, AJ.; DeRagon, W.R; Sullivan, W.M.; Lemunyon,
J.L. Nitrate-nitrogen losses to groundwater from rural
and suburban land uses. J. Soil Water Conserv.
45:305-310; 1990.
Grant, D.; Binkley, D. Rates of free-living nitrogen fixation in some piedmont forest types. For. Sci. 33:548551; 1987.
Grier, C.e. Wildfire effects on nutrient distribution and
leaching in a coniferous ecosystem. Can. J. For. Res.
5:599-607; 1975.
Groffman, P.M.; Tiedje, J.M. Denitrification in north
temperate forest soils: Relationships between denitrification and environmental factors at the landscape
scale. Soil BioI. Biochem. 21:621-626; 1989.
Gundersen, P. Nitrogen deposition and leaching in European forests: Preliminary results from a data compilation. Water Air Soil Pollut 85:1179-1184; 1995.
Gundersen, P. Effects of enhanced nitrogen deposition in
a spruce forest at Klosterhede, Denmark, examined by