13. Measuring Water Availability and Uptake in Ecosystem Studies
211
References
Allen, S.I.; Grime, V.L. Measurements of transpiration
from savannah shrubs using sap flow gauges. Agric.
For. Meteorol. 75:23-41; 1995.
Ansley, R.I.; Dugas, W.A.; Heuer, M.L.; Trevino, B.A.
Stem flow and porometer measurements of transpiration from honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa). J.
Exp. Bot. 45:847-856; 1994.
Baker, J.M.; Allmaras, R.R. System for automating and
multiplexing soil moisture measurement by timedomain reflectometry. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 54:1-6;
1990.
Baker, J.M.; Lascano, R.I. The spatial sensitivity of timedomain reflectometry. Soil Sci. 147:378-384; 1989.
Baker, J.M.; van Bavel, C.H.M. Measurement of mass
flow of water in the stems of herbaceous plants. Plant
Cell Environ. 10:777-782; 1987.
Barrett, D.J.; Hatton, T.J.; Ash, J.E.; Ball, M.C. Evaluation of the heat pulse velocity technique for measurement of sap flow in rainforest and eucalypt forest species of south-eastern Australia. Plant Cell Environ.
18:463-469; 1995.
Boyer, J.S. Measuring the Water Status of Plants and
Soils. San Diego, CA: Academic; 1995.
Boyer, J.S.; Knipling, E.B. Isopiestic technique for measuring leaf water potentials with a thermocouple psychrometer. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 54:1044-1051;
1965.
Brown, R.W. Measurement of Water Potential with Thermocouple Psychrometers: Construction and Applications. United States Department of Agriculture
(USDA), Forest Service Research Paper INT-80.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office;
1970.
Campbell, G.; Gee, G. Water potential: Miscellaneous
methods. In: Klute, A., ed. Methods of Soil Analysis.
Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Agronomy Monograph 9. Madison, WI: American Society
of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America;
1986:619-633.
Casper, B.B.; Jackson, R.B. Plant competition underground. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 28:545-570; 1997.
Cassel, D.K.; Kachanoski, R.G.; Topp, G.C. Practical
considerations for using a TDR cable tester. Soil Technol. 7:113-126; 1994.
Cermak, J.; Jenik, J.; Kucera, J.; Zidek, V. Xylem water
flow in a crack willow tree Salix fragilis in relation to
diurnal changes of environment. Oecologia 64: 145151; 1984.
Choudury, B.I.; Schmugge, T.J.; Chang, A.; Newton,
R.W. Effect of surface roughness on the microwave
emission from soils. J. Geophys. Res. 84:5699-5706;
1979.
Cohen, Y.; Fuchs, M.; Cohen, S. Resistance to water uptake in a mature citrus tree. J. Exp. Bot. 34:451-460;
1983.
Dalton, F.N.; van Genuchten, M.T. The time-domain reflectometry method for measuring soil water content
and salinity. Geoderma 38:237-250; 1986.
Dasberg, S.; Hopmans, J.w. Time domain reflectometry
calibration for uniformly and nonuniformly wetted
sandy and clayey loam soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
56:1341-1345; 1992.
Davis, J.L.; Chudobiak, w.J. In-situ meter for measuring
relative permittivity of soils. Geol. Surv. Can. Ottawa.
Paper 75-1A:75-79; 1975.
Dirksen, C.; Dasberg, S. Improved calibration of time
domain reflectometry soil water content measurements. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57:660-667; 1993.
Dixon, H.H. Transpiration and the Ascent of Sap in
Plants. London: Macmillan; 1914.
Donahue, R.L.; Miller, R.W.; Shickluna, J.C. Soils: An
Introduction to Soils and Plant Growth. Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1983.
Edwards, W.R.N.; Becker, P.; Cermak, J. A unified nomenclature for sap flow measurements. Tree Physiol.
17:65-67; 1996.
Engman, E.T.; Chauhan, N. Status of microwave soil
moisture measurements with remote sensing. Remote
Sens. Environ. 51:189-198; 1995.
Fawcett, R.; Collis-George, N. A filter paper method for
determining the moisture characteristic of soil. Aust.
J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 7:162-167; 1967.
Fellner-Feldegg, J. The measurement of dielectrics in the
time domain. J. Phys. Chem. 73:616-623; 1969.
Gardner, R. A method of measuring capillary tension of
soil moisture over a wide moisture range. Soil Sci.
43:277-283; 1937.
Gardner, W.H. Water content. In: Klute, A., ed. Methods
of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical
Methods. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America; 1986:493544.
Granier, A. A new method of sap flow measurement in
tree stems. Annales des Sciences Forestieres 42:193200; 1985.
Granier, A. Evaluation of transpiration in a Douglas-fir
stand by means of sap flow measurements. Tree Physiol. 3:309-320; 1987.
Granier, A.; Bobay, Y.; Gash, J.; Gelpe, J.; Saugier, B.;
Shuttleworth, W. Vapour flux density and transpiration
rate comparisons in a stand of maritime pine (Pinus
pisaster Ait.) in Les Landes forest. Agric. For.
Meteorol. 51:309-319; 1990.
Goulden, M.L.; Field, C.B. Three methods for monitoring the gas exchange of individual tree canopies:
Ventilated-chamber, sap-flow and Penman-Monteith
211
References
Allen, S.I.; Grime, V.L. Measurements of transpiration
from savannah shrubs using sap flow gauges. Agric.
For. Meteorol. 75:23-41; 1995.
Ansley, R.I.; Dugas, W.A.; Heuer, M.L.; Trevino, B.A.
Stem flow and porometer measurements of transpiration from honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa). J.
Exp. Bot. 45:847-856; 1994.
Baker, J.M.; Allmaras, R.R. System for automating and
multiplexing soil moisture measurement by timedomain reflectometry. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 54:1-6;
1990.
Baker, J.M.; Lascano, R.I. The spatial sensitivity of timedomain reflectometry. Soil Sci. 147:378-384; 1989.
Baker, J.M.; van Bavel, C.H.M. Measurement of mass
flow of water in the stems of herbaceous plants. Plant
Cell Environ. 10:777-782; 1987.
Barrett, D.J.; Hatton, T.J.; Ash, J.E.; Ball, M.C. Evaluation of the heat pulse velocity technique for measurement of sap flow in rainforest and eucalypt forest species of south-eastern Australia. Plant Cell Environ.
18:463-469; 1995.
Boyer, J.S. Measuring the Water Status of Plants and
Soils. San Diego, CA: Academic; 1995.
Boyer, J.S.; Knipling, E.B. Isopiestic technique for measuring leaf water potentials with a thermocouple psychrometer. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 54:1044-1051;
1965.
Brown, R.W. Measurement of Water Potential with Thermocouple Psychrometers: Construction and Applications. United States Department of Agriculture
(USDA), Forest Service Research Paper INT-80.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office;
1970.
Campbell, G.; Gee, G. Water potential: Miscellaneous
methods. In: Klute, A., ed. Methods of Soil Analysis.
Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Agronomy Monograph 9. Madison, WI: American Society
of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America;
1986:619-633.
Casper, B.B.; Jackson, R.B. Plant competition underground. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 28:545-570; 1997.
Cassel, D.K.; Kachanoski, R.G.; Topp, G.C. Practical
considerations for using a TDR cable tester. Soil Technol. 7:113-126; 1994.
Cermak, J.; Jenik, J.; Kucera, J.; Zidek, V. Xylem water
flow in a crack willow tree Salix fragilis in relation to
diurnal changes of environment. Oecologia 64: 145151; 1984.
Choudury, B.I.; Schmugge, T.J.; Chang, A.; Newton,
R.W. Effect of surface roughness on the microwave
emission from soils. J. Geophys. Res. 84:5699-5706;
1979.
Cohen, Y.; Fuchs, M.; Cohen, S. Resistance to water uptake in a mature citrus tree. J. Exp. Bot. 34:451-460;
1983.
Dalton, F.N.; van Genuchten, M.T. The time-domain reflectometry method for measuring soil water content
and salinity. Geoderma 38:237-250; 1986.
Dasberg, S.; Hopmans, J.w. Time domain reflectometry
calibration for uniformly and nonuniformly wetted
sandy and clayey loam soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
56:1341-1345; 1992.
Davis, J.L.; Chudobiak, w.J. In-situ meter for measuring
relative permittivity of soils. Geol. Surv. Can. Ottawa.
Paper 75-1A:75-79; 1975.
Dirksen, C.; Dasberg, S. Improved calibration of time
domain reflectometry soil water content measurements. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57:660-667; 1993.
Dixon, H.H. Transpiration and the Ascent of Sap in
Plants. London: Macmillan; 1914.
Donahue, R.L.; Miller, R.W.; Shickluna, J.C. Soils: An
Introduction to Soils and Plant Growth. Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1983.
Edwards, W.R.N.; Becker, P.; Cermak, J. A unified nomenclature for sap flow measurements. Tree Physiol.
17:65-67; 1996.
Engman, E.T.; Chauhan, N. Status of microwave soil
moisture measurements with remote sensing. Remote
Sens. Environ. 51:189-198; 1995.
Fawcett, R.; Collis-George, N. A filter paper method for
determining the moisture characteristic of soil. Aust.
J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 7:162-167; 1967.
Fellner-Feldegg, J. The measurement of dielectrics in the
time domain. J. Phys. Chem. 73:616-623; 1969.
Gardner, R. A method of measuring capillary tension of
soil moisture over a wide moisture range. Soil Sci.
43:277-283; 1937.
Gardner, W.H. Water content. In: Klute, A., ed. Methods
of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical
Methods. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America; 1986:493544.
Granier, A. A new method of sap flow measurement in
tree stems. Annales des Sciences Forestieres 42:193200; 1985.
Granier, A. Evaluation of transpiration in a Douglas-fir
stand by means of sap flow measurements. Tree Physiol. 3:309-320; 1987.
Granier, A.; Bobay, Y.; Gash, J.; Gelpe, J.; Saugier, B.;
Shuttleworth, W. Vapour flux density and transpiration
rate comparisons in a stand of maritime pine (Pinus
pisaster Ait.) in Les Landes forest. Agric. For.
Meteorol. 51:309-319; 1990.
Goulden, M.L.; Field, C.B. Three methods for monitoring the gas exchange of individual tree canopies:
Ventilated-chamber, sap-flow and Penman-Monteith