84
Marino, R.; Howarth, R.W. Atmospheric oxygen exchange in the Hudson River: Dome measurements and
comparison with other natural waters. Estuaries
16:433-445; 1993.
Martin, lH.; Gordon, R.M.; Fitzwater, S.; Broenkow,
WW VERTEX: Phytoplankton/iron studies in the
Gulf of Alaska. Deep-Sea Res. 36:649-680; 1989.
Michaels, AF.; Knap, AH. Overview ofthe U.S. JGOFS
Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study and the Hydrostation S Program. Deep-Sea Res. II 43:157-198;
1996.
McClain, e.R.; Cleave, M.L.; Feldman, G.e.; Gregg,
WW; Hooker, S.B.; Kuring, N. Science Quality
SeaWiFS Data for Global Biosphere Research. Sea
Technol. September:10-16; 1998.
[NRC] National Research Council. Managing Wastewater in Coastal Urban Areas. Washington, DC: National Academy; 1993.
Nixon, S.W.; Ammerman, J.W.; Atkinson, P.; Berounsky,
Y.M.; Billen, G.; Boicourt, We.; Boynton, W.R.;
Church, T.M.; DiToro, D.M.; Elmgren, R.; Garber,
lH.; Giblin, AE.; Jahnke, R.A.; Owens, N.J.P.; Pilson, M.E.Q.; Seitzinger, S.P. The fate of nitrogen and
phosphorus at the land-sea margin of the North Atlantic Ocean. Biogeochem. 35:141-180; 1996.
Nixon, S.W; Oviatt, e.A Preliminary measurements of
midsummer metabolism in beds of eelgrass, Zostera
marina. Ecology 53:150-153; 1972.
Nixon, S.W; Oviatt, C.A; Buckley, B.A. Turbulent mixing in mesocosms-some relative measures and ecological consequences. In: Jacoff, F.S. ed. Advances in
Marine Environmental Research. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) Report EPA-600/9-79-035.
Narragansett, RI: US EPA; 1979:382-409.
O'Connor, D.J. Turbulent transfer across smooth and
rough surfaces. In: Brutsaert, W.; Jirka, G.H., eds. Gas
Transfer at Water Surfaces; Dordrecht: Reidel;
1984:321-331.
O'Connor, DJ.; Dobbins, W.E. Mechanism of reaeration
in natural streams. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. Trans.
123:641-684; 1958.
Odum, H.T. Primary production in flowing waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1:102-117; 1956.
OReilly, J.E.; Maritorena, S.; Mitchell, B.G.; Siegel,
D.A; Carder, K.L.; Garver, S.A.; Kahru, M.; McClain,
e. Ocean color chlorophyll algorithms for SeaWiFS.
J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 103:24937-24953; 1998.
Oviatt, e.A; Rudnick, D.T.; Keller, AA; Sampou, P.A.;
Almquist, G.T. A comparison of system (02 and CO2)
and C-14 measurements of metabolism in estuarine
mesocosms. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 28:57-67; 1986.
Owens, M. Some factors involved in the use of dissolvedoxygen distributions in streams to determine producRobert W. Howarth and Anthony F. Michaels
tivity. In: Goldman, e.R., ed. Primary Productivity in
Aquatic Environments. Berkeley, CA: Univ. of California Pr.; 1969.
Peterson, BJ. Aquatic primary productivity and the
14C-C02 method: A history of the productivity problem. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 11:359-385; 1980.
Platt, T.; Caverhill, C.M.; Sathyendranath, S. Basin-scale
estimates of oceanic primary production by remote
sensing: The North Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res.
96:15147-15159; 1991.
Platt, T. Harrison, W.G. Reconciliation of carbon and oxygen fluxes in the upper ocean. Deep-Sea Res.
33:273-276; 1986.
Raine, R.e.T. The effects of nitrogen supply on the photosynthetic quotient of natural phytoplankton assemplages Botanica Marina 26:417-423; 1983.
Raven, lA; Beardall, l Respiration and photorespiration. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 210:55-82; 1981.
Richey, J.E.; Devol, AH., Hedges, J.I., Forsber, B.R.;
Victoria, R.L.; Martinellis, L.A; Ribeiro, N. Distributions and flux of carbon in the Amazon River. Limnol. Oceanogr. 35:352-371; 1990.
Roberts, P.Y. Dependence of oxygen transfer rate on energy dissipation during surface aeration and in stream
flow. In: Brutsaert, W.; Jirka, G.H., eds. Gas Transfer
at Water Surfaces. Dordrecht: Reidel; 1984.
Ryther, J.H. Photosynthesis in the ocean as a function of
light intensity. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1:61-70; 1956.
Sakshaug, E.; Bricaud, A; Dandonneau, Y.; Falkowski,
P.G.; Kiefer, D.A; Legendre, L.; Morel, A; Parslow,
J.; Takahaski, M. Parameters of photosynthesis: Definitions, theory, and interpretation of results. J. Plank.
Res. 19:1637-1670; 1997.
Sand-Jensen, K.; Krause-Jensen, D. Broad-scale comparison of photosynthesis in terrestrial and aquatic
plant communities. Oikos 80:203-208; 1997.
Siegel, D.A; Dickey, T.D.; Washburn, L.; Hamilton,
M.K. Mitchell, B.G. Optical determination of particulate abundance and production variations in the oligotrophic ocean. Deep-Sea Res. 36:211-222; 1989.
Siegel, D.; Michaels, AF.; Sorensen, lC.; O'Brien,
M.e.; Hammer, M. Seasonal variability of light availability and its utilization in the Sargasso Sea. l Geophys. Res. 100:8695-8713; 1995.
Steeman Nielsen, E. The use of radioactive carbon e 4 C)
for measuring organic production in the sea. J. Cons.
Int. Explor. Mer. 18:117-140; 1952.
Sverdrup, H.U. On conditions for the vernal blooming of
phytoplankton. l Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 18:287-296;
1953.
Swaney, D.P.; Howarth, R.W; Butler, T.J. A novel approach for estimating ecosystem production and respiration in estuaries: Application to the oligohaline
Marino, R.; Howarth, R.W. Atmospheric oxygen exchange in the Hudson River: Dome measurements and
comparison with other natural waters. Estuaries
16:433-445; 1993.
Martin, lH.; Gordon, R.M.; Fitzwater, S.; Broenkow,
WW VERTEX: Phytoplankton/iron studies in the
Gulf of Alaska. Deep-Sea Res. 36:649-680; 1989.
Michaels, AF.; Knap, AH. Overview ofthe U.S. JGOFS
Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study and the Hydrostation S Program. Deep-Sea Res. II 43:157-198;
1996.
McClain, e.R.; Cleave, M.L.; Feldman, G.e.; Gregg,
WW; Hooker, S.B.; Kuring, N. Science Quality
SeaWiFS Data for Global Biosphere Research. Sea
Technol. September:10-16; 1998.
[NRC] National Research Council. Managing Wastewater in Coastal Urban Areas. Washington, DC: National Academy; 1993.
Nixon, S.W.; Ammerman, J.W.; Atkinson, P.; Berounsky,
Y.M.; Billen, G.; Boicourt, We.; Boynton, W.R.;
Church, T.M.; DiToro, D.M.; Elmgren, R.; Garber,
lH.; Giblin, AE.; Jahnke, R.A.; Owens, N.J.P.; Pilson, M.E.Q.; Seitzinger, S.P. The fate of nitrogen and
phosphorus at the land-sea margin of the North Atlantic Ocean. Biogeochem. 35:141-180; 1996.
Nixon, S.W; Oviatt, e.A Preliminary measurements of
midsummer metabolism in beds of eelgrass, Zostera
marina. Ecology 53:150-153; 1972.
Nixon, S.W; Oviatt, C.A; Buckley, B.A. Turbulent mixing in mesocosms-some relative measures and ecological consequences. In: Jacoff, F.S. ed. Advances in
Marine Environmental Research. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) Report EPA-600/9-79-035.
Narragansett, RI: US EPA; 1979:382-409.
O'Connor, D.J. Turbulent transfer across smooth and
rough surfaces. In: Brutsaert, W.; Jirka, G.H., eds. Gas
Transfer at Water Surfaces; Dordrecht: Reidel;
1984:321-331.
O'Connor, DJ.; Dobbins, W.E. Mechanism of reaeration
in natural streams. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. Trans.
123:641-684; 1958.
Odum, H.T. Primary production in flowing waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1:102-117; 1956.
OReilly, J.E.; Maritorena, S.; Mitchell, B.G.; Siegel,
D.A; Carder, K.L.; Garver, S.A.; Kahru, M.; McClain,
e. Ocean color chlorophyll algorithms for SeaWiFS.
J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 103:24937-24953; 1998.
Oviatt, e.A; Rudnick, D.T.; Keller, AA; Sampou, P.A.;
Almquist, G.T. A comparison of system (02 and CO2)
and C-14 measurements of metabolism in estuarine
mesocosms. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 28:57-67; 1986.
Owens, M. Some factors involved in the use of dissolvedoxygen distributions in streams to determine producRobert W. Howarth and Anthony F. Michaels
tivity. In: Goldman, e.R., ed. Primary Productivity in
Aquatic Environments. Berkeley, CA: Univ. of California Pr.; 1969.
Peterson, BJ. Aquatic primary productivity and the
14C-C02 method: A history of the productivity problem. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 11:359-385; 1980.
Platt, T.; Caverhill, C.M.; Sathyendranath, S. Basin-scale
estimates of oceanic primary production by remote
sensing: The North Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res.
96:15147-15159; 1991.
Platt, T. Harrison, W.G. Reconciliation of carbon and oxygen fluxes in the upper ocean. Deep-Sea Res.
33:273-276; 1986.
Raine, R.e.T. The effects of nitrogen supply on the photosynthetic quotient of natural phytoplankton assemplages Botanica Marina 26:417-423; 1983.
Raven, lA; Beardall, l Respiration and photorespiration. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 210:55-82; 1981.
Richey, J.E.; Devol, AH., Hedges, J.I., Forsber, B.R.;
Victoria, R.L.; Martinellis, L.A; Ribeiro, N. Distributions and flux of carbon in the Amazon River. Limnol. Oceanogr. 35:352-371; 1990.
Roberts, P.Y. Dependence of oxygen transfer rate on energy dissipation during surface aeration and in stream
flow. In: Brutsaert, W.; Jirka, G.H., eds. Gas Transfer
at Water Surfaces. Dordrecht: Reidel; 1984.
Ryther, J.H. Photosynthesis in the ocean as a function of
light intensity. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1:61-70; 1956.
Sakshaug, E.; Bricaud, A; Dandonneau, Y.; Falkowski,
P.G.; Kiefer, D.A; Legendre, L.; Morel, A; Parslow,
J.; Takahaski, M. Parameters of photosynthesis: Definitions, theory, and interpretation of results. J. Plank.
Res. 19:1637-1670; 1997.
Sand-Jensen, K.; Krause-Jensen, D. Broad-scale comparison of photosynthesis in terrestrial and aquatic
plant communities. Oikos 80:203-208; 1997.
Siegel, D.A; Dickey, T.D.; Washburn, L.; Hamilton,
M.K. Mitchell, B.G. Optical determination of particulate abundance and production variations in the oligotrophic ocean. Deep-Sea Res. 36:211-222; 1989.
Siegel, D.; Michaels, AF.; Sorensen, lC.; O'Brien,
M.e.; Hammer, M. Seasonal variability of light availability and its utilization in the Sargasso Sea. l Geophys. Res. 100:8695-8713; 1995.
Steeman Nielsen, E. The use of radioactive carbon e 4 C)
for measuring organic production in the sea. J. Cons.
Int. Explor. Mer. 18:117-140; 1952.
Sverdrup, H.U. On conditions for the vernal blooming of
phytoplankton. l Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 18:287-296;
1953.
Swaney, D.P.; Howarth, R.W; Butler, T.J. A novel approach for estimating ecosystem production and respiration in estuaries: Application to the oligohaline