5. The Measurement of Primary Production in Aquatic Ecosystems
83
Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office;
1972.
Bidigare, R.R.; Prezelin, B.B.; and Smith, R.C. Biooptical models and the problems of scaling. In: Falkowski, P.B.; Woodhead, AD., eds. Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea. New
York: Plenum; 1992:175-212.
Bower, P.M.; Kelly, C.A; Fee, El; Shearer, J.A; DeClercq, D.R.; Schindler, D.W. Simultaneous measurement of primary production by whole-lake and bottle
radiocarbon additions. Limnol. Oceanogr. 32:299312; 1987.
Boyle, E.A; Huested, S.S.; Jones, S.P. On the distribution of Cu, Ni, and Cd in the surface waters of the
North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. J. Geophys.
Res. 86:8048-8066; 1981.
Bruland, K.w. Oceanographic distributions of cadmium,
zinc, nickel and copper in the North Pacific. Earth
Planet. Sci. Lett. 47:176-198; 1980.
Carpenter, S.R.; Caraco, N.E; Correll, D.L.; Howarth,
R.W.; Sharpley, AN.; Smith, V.H. Nonpoint pollution
of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecol.
Applic. 8:559-568; 1998.
Cole, J.J.; Caraco, N.E; Peierls, B. Phytoplankton primary production in the tidal, freshwater Hudson River,
New York (USA). Verh. Int. Verein. Limnol. 24:17151719; 1991.
Cole, J.J.; Caraco, N.E, Peierls, B. Can phytoplankton
maintain a positive carbon balance in a turbid, freshwater, tidal estuary? Limnol. Oceanogr. 37:16081617; 1992.
Collos, Y.; Descolas-Gros, C.; Fontugne, M.; MortainBertrand, A; Chretiennot-Dinet, M.l; Frikha, M.G.
Chemical, isotopic and enzymatic monitoring of free
and enclosed seawater: implications for primary production estimates in incubation bottles. Mar. Ecol.
Prog. Ser. 93:49-54; 1993.
Durand, M.D.; Olson, R.J. Contributions of phytoplankton light-scattering and cell concentration changes to
diel variations in beam attenuation in the equatorial
Pacific from flow cytometric measurements of picoplankton, ultraplankton and nanoplankton. Deep-Sea
Res. 43:891-906; 1996.
Edwards, R.W.; Owens, M. The effects of plants on river
conditions. IV. The oxygen balance of a chalk stream.
J. Ecol. 50:207-220; 1962.
Falkowski, P.G.; LaRoche, J. Acclimation to spectral irradiance in algae. 1 Phycol. 27:8-14; 1991.
Fee, EJ. Modeling primary production in water bodies:
A numerical approach that allows vertical inhomogeneities. 1 Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 30:513-522; 1973.
Fee, EJ. Important factors for estimating annual phytoplankton production in the Experimental Lakes Area.
Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37:513-522; 1980.
Fitzwater, S.E.; Knauer, G.A; Martin, lH. Metal contamination and its effect on primary production measurement. Limnol. Oceanogr. 27:544-551; 1982.
Gaarder, T.; Gran, H.H. Investigation of the production
of plankton in the Oslo Fjord. Rapp. P.-v. Cons. Int.
Explor. Mer. 42:1-48; 1927.
Gallegos, C.L.; Platt, T. Photosynthesis measurements on
natural populations of phytoplankton: Numerical analysis. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 210:103-112; 1981.
Gardner, W.D. Incomplete extraction of rapidly settling
particles from water samplers. Limnol. Oceanogr.
22:764-768; 1977.
Garver, S.A; Siegel, D.A Inherent optical property inversion of ocean color spectra and its biogeochemical
interpretation. 1. Time series from the Sargasso Sea.
J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 102:18607-18625; 1997.
Gordon, H.R.; Morel, AY. Remote assessment of ocean
colour for interpretation of satellite visible imagery:
A review. Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine
Studies, 4. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1983.
Hesslein, R.H.; Broecker, W.S.; Quay, P.D. Whole-lake
radiocarbon experiment in an oligotrophic lake at the
Experimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario. Can.
1 Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37:454-463; 1980.
Howarth, R.w.; Marino, R.; Garritt, R.; Sherman, D.
Ecosystem respiration and organic carbon processing
in a large, tidally influenced river: The Hudson River.
Biogeochem. 16:83-102; 1992.
Howarth, R.w.; Schneider, R.; Swaney, D. Metabolism
and organic carbon fluxes in the tidal freshwater Hudson River. Estuaries 19:848-865; 1996.
Jirka, G.A; Brutsaert, W. Measurements of wind effects
on water-side controlled gas exchange in riverine systems. In: Brutsaert, w.; Jirka, G.H., eds. Gas Transfer
at Water Surfaces. Dordrecht: Reidel; 1984: 437-446.
Kemp, W.M.; Boynton, W.R. Influence of biological and
physical process on dissolved oxygen dynamics in an
estuarine system: Implication for measurement of
community metabolism. Est. Coast. Mar. Sci. 11 :407431; 1980.
Kremer, J.N.; Reischauer, A; D' Avanzo, C. Estuaryspecific variation in the air-water gas exchange coefficient for oxygen. Estuaries, submitted; 1999.
Lewis, W.M. Primary production in the Orinoco River.
Ecology 69:679-692; 1988.
Li, W.K.W; Maestrini, S.Y., eds. Measurement of Primary Production from the Molecular to the Global
Scale. ICES Symposium Vol. 197. Copenhagen: ICES
Secretariat; 1993.
Lohrenz, S.E.; Wiesenburg, D.A; Rein, c.R.; Arnone,
R.A; Taylor, C.D.; Knauer, G.A; Knap, AH. A comparison of in situ and simulated in situ methods for
estimating oceanic primary production. J. Plank. Res.
14:201-221; 1992.
83
Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office;
1972.
Bidigare, R.R.; Prezelin, B.B.; and Smith, R.C. Biooptical models and the problems of scaling. In: Falkowski, P.B.; Woodhead, AD., eds. Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea. New
York: Plenum; 1992:175-212.
Bower, P.M.; Kelly, C.A; Fee, El; Shearer, J.A; DeClercq, D.R.; Schindler, D.W. Simultaneous measurement of primary production by whole-lake and bottle
radiocarbon additions. Limnol. Oceanogr. 32:299312; 1987.
Boyle, E.A; Huested, S.S.; Jones, S.P. On the distribution of Cu, Ni, and Cd in the surface waters of the
North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. J. Geophys.
Res. 86:8048-8066; 1981.
Bruland, K.w. Oceanographic distributions of cadmium,
zinc, nickel and copper in the North Pacific. Earth
Planet. Sci. Lett. 47:176-198; 1980.
Carpenter, S.R.; Caraco, N.E; Correll, D.L.; Howarth,
R.W.; Sharpley, AN.; Smith, V.H. Nonpoint pollution
of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecol.
Applic. 8:559-568; 1998.
Cole, J.J.; Caraco, N.E; Peierls, B. Phytoplankton primary production in the tidal, freshwater Hudson River,
New York (USA). Verh. Int. Verein. Limnol. 24:17151719; 1991.
Cole, J.J.; Caraco, N.E, Peierls, B. Can phytoplankton
maintain a positive carbon balance in a turbid, freshwater, tidal estuary? Limnol. Oceanogr. 37:16081617; 1992.
Collos, Y.; Descolas-Gros, C.; Fontugne, M.; MortainBertrand, A; Chretiennot-Dinet, M.l; Frikha, M.G.
Chemical, isotopic and enzymatic monitoring of free
and enclosed seawater: implications for primary production estimates in incubation bottles. Mar. Ecol.
Prog. Ser. 93:49-54; 1993.
Durand, M.D.; Olson, R.J. Contributions of phytoplankton light-scattering and cell concentration changes to
diel variations in beam attenuation in the equatorial
Pacific from flow cytometric measurements of picoplankton, ultraplankton and nanoplankton. Deep-Sea
Res. 43:891-906; 1996.
Edwards, R.W.; Owens, M. The effects of plants on river
conditions. IV. The oxygen balance of a chalk stream.
J. Ecol. 50:207-220; 1962.
Falkowski, P.G.; LaRoche, J. Acclimation to spectral irradiance in algae. 1 Phycol. 27:8-14; 1991.
Fee, EJ. Modeling primary production in water bodies:
A numerical approach that allows vertical inhomogeneities. 1 Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 30:513-522; 1973.
Fee, EJ. Important factors for estimating annual phytoplankton production in the Experimental Lakes Area.
Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37:513-522; 1980.
Fitzwater, S.E.; Knauer, G.A; Martin, lH. Metal contamination and its effect on primary production measurement. Limnol. Oceanogr. 27:544-551; 1982.
Gaarder, T.; Gran, H.H. Investigation of the production
of plankton in the Oslo Fjord. Rapp. P.-v. Cons. Int.
Explor. Mer. 42:1-48; 1927.
Gallegos, C.L.; Platt, T. Photosynthesis measurements on
natural populations of phytoplankton: Numerical analysis. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 210:103-112; 1981.
Gardner, W.D. Incomplete extraction of rapidly settling
particles from water samplers. Limnol. Oceanogr.
22:764-768; 1977.
Garver, S.A; Siegel, D.A Inherent optical property inversion of ocean color spectra and its biogeochemical
interpretation. 1. Time series from the Sargasso Sea.
J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 102:18607-18625; 1997.
Gordon, H.R.; Morel, AY. Remote assessment of ocean
colour for interpretation of satellite visible imagery:
A review. Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine
Studies, 4. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1983.
Hesslein, R.H.; Broecker, W.S.; Quay, P.D. Whole-lake
radiocarbon experiment in an oligotrophic lake at the
Experimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario. Can.
1 Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37:454-463; 1980.
Howarth, R.w.; Marino, R.; Garritt, R.; Sherman, D.
Ecosystem respiration and organic carbon processing
in a large, tidally influenced river: The Hudson River.
Biogeochem. 16:83-102; 1992.
Howarth, R.w.; Schneider, R.; Swaney, D. Metabolism
and organic carbon fluxes in the tidal freshwater Hudson River. Estuaries 19:848-865; 1996.
Jirka, G.A; Brutsaert, W. Measurements of wind effects
on water-side controlled gas exchange in riverine systems. In: Brutsaert, w.; Jirka, G.H., eds. Gas Transfer
at Water Surfaces. Dordrecht: Reidel; 1984: 437-446.
Kemp, W.M.; Boynton, W.R. Influence of biological and
physical process on dissolved oxygen dynamics in an
estuarine system: Implication for measurement of
community metabolism. Est. Coast. Mar. Sci. 11 :407431; 1980.
Kremer, J.N.; Reischauer, A; D' Avanzo, C. Estuaryspecific variation in the air-water gas exchange coefficient for oxygen. Estuaries, submitted; 1999.
Lewis, W.M. Primary production in the Orinoco River.
Ecology 69:679-692; 1988.
Li, W.K.W; Maestrini, S.Y., eds. Measurement of Primary Production from the Molecular to the Global
Scale. ICES Symposium Vol. 197. Copenhagen: ICES
Secretariat; 1993.
Lohrenz, S.E.; Wiesenburg, D.A; Rein, c.R.; Arnone,
R.A; Taylor, C.D.; Knauer, G.A; Knap, AH. A comparison of in situ and simulated in situ methods for
estimating oceanic primary production. J. Plank. Res.
14:201-221; 1992.