3,5
3,0
2,5
.....
I
"t:I
2,0
•
.... I
e .
ge 1,5
"t:I
U
1,0
0,5
o
•
20
40
60
Pb pg·m- 2 ·d- 1
Atmospheric Deposition of Metals in North Adriatic Sea
127
.. ",,4.:
... 4.
80
100
120
•
AGIP
D Cesenatico
4 Venezia
Fig. S. Cd versus Pb bulk fluxes at AGIP (e; r=O.66, P
Atmospheric loads to the north Adriatic sea
may be calculated from annual deposition fluxes,
considering a surface area of 25000 km 2 (Table 1,
Fig. 1). north of a W => E transect between Ancona
(Italy) and Zadar (Croatia). As may be seen,
atmospheric loads of Cd and Pb were comparable with estimates made by Migon (1993) for the
Ligurian Sea. Lead emissions are diffuse because
of the extensive use of motor-fuels in Europe, and
Table 1. Annual bulk fluxes at Venice. Bulk sampling provides
an estimate of both wet and dry depositions. Rainfall is
reported in tables for comparison of different sampling periods. Units: mg'm- 2 year- l
Rain
Cd
Cu
Ni
Pb
mm
1993-94
700 0.08 ±O.O2 12 ± 3 3.2 ±O.8 30 ± 7.5
1995-96
950 0.33 ±O.80 9±2 3.3 ±O.8 20± 5
1996-97
722 0.24 ±0.O6 13 ± 3 4.0 ± 1 2O±5
Load a
5.42
283
88
525
Ligurian Sea b
4.34
46
448
a Deposition area considered for northern Adriatic = 25000 km 2 •
Units: tonnes year-l
b Migon (1993). Values recalculated for an area of 25000 km 2 • Units:
tonnes yearl
atmospheric Cd mainly originates from
industry (Nriagu and Pacyna 1988).
Table 2 lists metal fluxes measured at different sites. Fluxes of Cu, Ni and Pb were
higher at Venice than at Cesenatico, whereas
Cd deposition was comparable. In general, Pb
and Cd levels fell in the flux range obtained
by other authors in a coastal site in France
(see references in table),
1i1ble 2. Metal fluxes expressed as mg·m- 2 ·year 1 • Bulk sampling provides an estimate of both wet + dry depositions.
Rainfall is reported in tables for comparison of different
sampling periods
Rain
mm
Cd
Cu
Ni
Pb
Venezia a
SOO 0.22± 0.13 11.3 ± 2.1 3.5 ±OA 21.0 ± 8.5
Cesenatico b 650 0.15± 0.04 4.5 ± 1.1 1.4 ±O.4 3.0 ± 0.8
Cap Ferrat"'d.e 760 0.07 - 0.31 1.8 - 3.5 0.6 -1.4 1.8 -18.0
a Atmospheric deposition values for Venice obtained by averaging
data collected in 1993-97
b For Cesenatico and AGIP in 1995-96
C Migon et al. (1997)
d Migon et al. (1991)
e Guieu et al. (1997)
3,0
2,5
.....
I
"t:I
2,0
•
.... I
e .
ge 1,5
"t:I
U
1,0
0,5
o
•
20
40
60
Pb pg·m- 2 ·d- 1
Atmospheric Deposition of Metals in North Adriatic Sea
127
.. ",,4.:
... 4.
80
100
120
•
AGIP
D Cesenatico
4 Venezia
Fig. S. Cd versus Pb bulk fluxes at AGIP (e; r=O.66, P
Atmospheric loads to the north Adriatic sea
may be calculated from annual deposition fluxes,
considering a surface area of 25000 km 2 (Table 1,
Fig. 1). north of a W => E transect between Ancona
(Italy) and Zadar (Croatia). As may be seen,
atmospheric loads of Cd and Pb were comparable with estimates made by Migon (1993) for the
Ligurian Sea. Lead emissions are diffuse because
of the extensive use of motor-fuels in Europe, and
Table 1. Annual bulk fluxes at Venice. Bulk sampling provides
an estimate of both wet and dry depositions. Rainfall is
reported in tables for comparison of different sampling periods. Units: mg'm- 2 year- l
Rain
Cd
Cu
Ni
Pb
mm
1993-94
700 0.08 ±O.O2 12 ± 3 3.2 ±O.8 30 ± 7.5
1995-96
950 0.33 ±O.80 9±2 3.3 ±O.8 20± 5
1996-97
722 0.24 ±0.O6 13 ± 3 4.0 ± 1 2O±5
Load a
5.42
283
88
525
Ligurian Sea b
4.34
46
448
a Deposition area considered for northern Adriatic = 25000 km 2 •
Units: tonnes year-l
b Migon (1993). Values recalculated for an area of 25000 km 2 • Units:
tonnes yearl
atmospheric Cd mainly originates from
industry (Nriagu and Pacyna 1988).
Table 2 lists metal fluxes measured at different sites. Fluxes of Cu, Ni and Pb were
higher at Venice than at Cesenatico, whereas
Cd deposition was comparable. In general, Pb
and Cd levels fell in the flux range obtained
by other authors in a coastal site in France
(see references in table),
1i1ble 2. Metal fluxes expressed as mg·m- 2 ·year 1 • Bulk sampling provides an estimate of both wet + dry depositions.
Rainfall is reported in tables for comparison of different
sampling periods
Rain
mm
Cd
Cu
Ni
Pb
Venezia a
SOO 0.22± 0.13 11.3 ± 2.1 3.5 ±OA 21.0 ± 8.5
Cesenatico b 650 0.15± 0.04 4.5 ± 1.1 1.4 ±O.4 3.0 ± 0.8
Cap Ferrat"'d.e 760 0.07 - 0.31 1.8 - 3.5 0.6 -1.4 1.8 -18.0
a Atmospheric deposition values for Venice obtained by averaging
data collected in 1993-97
b For Cesenatico and AGIP in 1995-96
C Migon et al. (1997)
d Migon et al. (1991)
e Guieu et al. (1997)