484
K. M. G. Mostofa et al.
the peak T-region is much higher than at the peak T UV -region (Fig. 3m, n). The protein-like component has been identified at Ex/Em = 280/339–346 nm at the peak
T-region and at 230–235/339–346 nm at the peak T UV -region in sewerage waters and
washing waters; at 280–285/340–350 and 225/340–350 nm in extracted protein from
extracellular polymeric substances (EPS); at 270–280/320–350 and 225/343–358 nm
in aromatic proteins or soluble microbial by-products; at 290/356 and 250/356 nm
in coastal shelf waters; at 280–300/328–338 and 240/338 nm in north Pacific and
Atlantic ocean; and at 275/320 nm in glacial ice samples from the Antarctic and
Arctic ocean (Fig. 3m, n; Tables 1, 2) (Mayer et al. 1999; Mostofa et al. 2010; Liu
and Fang 2002; Kowalczuk et al. 2009; Chen et al. 2010; Dubnick et al. 2010;
Balcarczyk et al. 2009; Murphy et al. 2008). The protein-like component belongs to
a molecular size range of >0.1 μm in natural waters (Wu and Tanoue 2001a).
Aromatic Amino Acids (Tryptophan, Tyrosine and Phenylalanine)
The tryptophan-like, tyrosine-like and phenylalanine-like components are often
detected in natural waters (Tables 1, 2). The tryptophan-like component has two
fluorescence peaks; the first one is located at Ex/Em = 275–285/321–360 nm in the
longer wavelength region (peak T), the second one at Ex/Em = 225/340–360 nm in
the shorter wavelength region (peak T uv ) (Fig. 3o, p; Tables 1, 2). Tryptophan-like
component is has been detected at Ex/Em = 275–285/342–357 nm in tryptophan
standard dissolved in Milli-Q water and at 275/355 when dissolved in seawater
(k)
(l)
(m)
Ex wavelength (nm)
PeakT
PeakT UV
([ZDYHOHQJWKQP
(PZDYHOHQJWKQP
(n)
The fluorescent components of protein-like component of algae origin in aqueous samples (m), and in
sewerage drainage waters (n Nanming River, China) identified using PARAFAC modeling on the EEM
spectra of their respective samples. (Data source Mostofa et al. 2010; Mostofa KMG et al., unpublished
data). The fluorescent components of standard tryptophan amino acid
K. M. G. Mostofa et al.
the peak T-region is much higher than at the peak T UV -region (Fig. 3m, n). The protein-like component has been identified at Ex/Em = 280/339–346 nm at the peak
T-region and at 230–235/339–346 nm at the peak T UV -region in sewerage waters and
washing waters; at 280–285/340–350 and 225/340–350 nm in extracted protein from
extracellular polymeric substances (EPS); at 270–280/320–350 and 225/343–358 nm
in aromatic proteins or soluble microbial by-products; at 290/356 and 250/356 nm
in coastal shelf waters; at 280–300/328–338 and 240/338 nm in north Pacific and
Atlantic ocean; and at 275/320 nm in glacial ice samples from the Antarctic and
Arctic ocean (Fig. 3m, n; Tables 1, 2) (Mayer et al. 1999; Mostofa et al. 2010; Liu
and Fang 2002; Kowalczuk et al. 2009; Chen et al. 2010; Dubnick et al. 2010;
Balcarczyk et al. 2009; Murphy et al. 2008). The protein-like component belongs to
a molecular size range of >0.1 μm in natural waters (Wu and Tanoue 2001a).
Aromatic Amino Acids (Tryptophan, Tyrosine and Phenylalanine)
The tryptophan-like, tyrosine-like and phenylalanine-like components are often
detected in natural waters (Tables 1, 2). The tryptophan-like component has two
fluorescence peaks; the first one is located at Ex/Em = 275–285/321–360 nm in the
longer wavelength region (peak T), the second one at Ex/Em = 225/340–360 nm in
the shorter wavelength region (peak T uv ) (Fig. 3o, p; Tables 1, 2). Tryptophan-like
component is has been detected at Ex/Em = 275–285/342–357 nm in tryptophan
standard dissolved in Milli-Q water and at 275/355 when dissolved in seawater
(k)
(l)
(m)
Ex wavelength (nm)
PeakT
PeakT UV
([ZDYHOHQJWKQP
(PZDYHOHQJWKQP
(n)
The fluorescent components of protein-like component of algae origin in aqueous samples (m), and in
sewerage drainage waters (n Nanming River, China) identified using PARAFAC modeling on the EEM
spectra of their respective samples. (Data source Mostofa et al. 2010; Mostofa KMG et al., unpublished
data). The fluorescent components of standard tryptophan amino acid