223
Photoinduced Generation of Hydroxyl Radical in Natural Waters
Type of samples/substances
Sample
Source of light/
wavelength (nm)
Production rate
of HO •
× 10
−11
(Ms
−1 )
References
Seto Inland Sea: 10 m depth
Seawater
Xe lamp b
0.91
Takeda et al. (2004)
Seto Inland Sea: 15 m depth
Seawater
Xe lamp b
1.0
Takeda et al. (2004)
Seto Inland Sea: 20 m depth
Seawater
Xe lamp b
2.4
Takeda et al. (2004)
Seto Inland Sea: 30 m depth
Seawater
Xe lamp b
4.9
Takeda et al. (2004)
Yellow Sea: 0 m depth
Seawater
Xe lamp b
0.39
Takeda et al. (2004)
Yellow Sea: 20 m depth
Seawater
Xe lamp b
0.36
Takeda et al. (2004)
Yellow Sea: 30 m depth
Seawater
Xe lamp b
0.49
Takeda et al. (2004)
Yellow Sea: 40 m depth
Seawater
Xe lamp b
0.82
Takeda et al. (2004)
Yellow Sea: 50 m depth
Seawater
Xe lamp b
0.73
Takeda et al. (2004)
Yellow Sea: 60 m depth
Seawater
Xe lamp b
0.72
Takeda et al. (2004)
Gulf Stream
Seawater
Sunlight
0.31
Mopper and Zhou (1990)
Sargasso Sea
Seawater
Sunlight
0.28
Mopper and Zhou (1990)
Weddel Sea, Antarctic
Seawater
Sunlight
0.10
Qian et al. (2001)
Crystal Sound, Antarctic
Seawater
Sunlight
0.10
Qian et al. (2001)
Paradise Harbor, Antarctic
Seawater
Sunlight
0.01
Qian et al. (2001)
Standard substances
NO
2
−
Seawater
Sunlight
2.30
Mopper and Zhou (1990)
NO
2
−
Milli-Q water
Sunlight
2.80
Arakaki and Faust (1998)
NO
2
−
Milli-Q water
Sunlight
2.30
Takeda et al. (2004)
NO
2
−
Milli-Q water
Xe lamp b
2.20
Mostofa KMG and Sakugawa H (unpublished data) a
NO
3
−
Fresh water
Sunlight
0.03
Zepp et al. (1987)
NO
3
−
Seawater
Sunlight
0.03
Mopper and Zhou (1990)
NO
3
−
Milli-Q water
Sunlight
0.02
Arakaki and Faust (1998)
NO
3
−
Milli-Q water
Sunlight
0.02
Takeda et al. (2004)
(continued)
Table 2 (continued)