256
G.E. Napolitano and D.S. Cicerone
to a renewed interest in using the surface micro layer as a sensor and amplifier of
processes that affect the whole aquatic system.
Acknowledgments. Writing of this chapter was supported in part by the appointment of G.E.N. to the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Research Associates Program administered jointly by ORNL and by the Oak Ridge Institute for
Science and Education. ORNL is managed by Lockheed Martin Energy Research
Corp. for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-960R22464.
D.S.C. is supported by a fellowship from Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones
Cientfficas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Argentina. Arthur J. Stewart and Tommy
Phelps (ORNL) provided constructive comments on a previous version of this
work. This chapter is Environmental Sciences Division publication 4683.
References
Adamson, A.W. Physical Chemistry of Surfaces. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1990.
Akit, 1.; Cooper, OJ.; Manninen, K.I.; Zajic, J.E. Investigation of potential biosurfactant
production among phytopathogenic Corynebacteria and related soil microbes. Curro
Microbio!. 6: 145-150; 1981.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Annual Book of ASTM Standards,
vo!. 11.01. Philadelphia, PA: ASTM; 1995.
Antia, N.J.; Landymore, A.F. Physiological and ecological significance of the chemical
instability of uric acid and related purines in sea water and marine algal culture medium.
J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 31:1327-1335; 1974.
Armstrong, F.A.l.; Williams, P.M.; Strickland J.D.H. Photo-oxidation of organic matter in
sea water by ultraviolet radiation, analytical and other applications. Nature 211 :481483; 1966.
Aronstein, B.N.; Paterek, l.R. Effect of nonionic surfactant on the degradation of glasssorbed PCB congeners by integrated chemical-biological treatment. Environ. Toxico!.
Chern. 14:749-754; 1995.
Baier, RE. Surface quality assessment of natural bodies of water. Proceedings of the 13th
Conference on Great Lakes Research: International Association of Great Lakes Research
114-127; 1970.
Banat, I.M. Biosurfactants production and possible uses in microbial enhanced oil recovery
and oil pollution remediation: a review. Bioresource Techno!. 51:1-12; 1995.
Banat, I.M. The isolation of a thermophilic biosurfactant producing Baciullus sp. Biotech.
Lett. 15:591-594; 1993.
Barger, W.R; Garret, W.O. Surface active organic material in air over the Mediterranean
and over the eastern equatorial Pacific. l. Geophys. Res. 81:3151-3157; 1976.
Baylor, E.R; Sutcliffe, W.H.; Hirschfeld, D.S. Adsorption of phosphates onto bubbles.
Deep Sea Res. 9: 120-124; 1962.
Bennett-Corriea, W.; Sokol, H.A.; Garrison, W.M. Reductive Deamination in the Radiolysis of Oligopeptides in Aqueous Solution and in the Solid State. AEC rep. UCRL19504. Berkeley: University of Calif. Radiation Laboratory; 1970.
Blanchard, D.C. Surface-active organic material on airborne salt particles. Proceedings of
the International Conference on Cloud Physics, Toronto 1 :25-29; 1968.
Blanchard, D.C. Sea-to-air transport of surface active materia!. Science 146:396-397;
1964.
Blanchard, D.C. The electrification of the atmosphere by particles from bubbles in the sea.
Progr. Oceanogr. 1:71; 1963.
G.E. Napolitano and D.S. Cicerone
to a renewed interest in using the surface micro layer as a sensor and amplifier of
processes that affect the whole aquatic system.
Acknowledgments. Writing of this chapter was supported in part by the appointment of G.E.N. to the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Research Associates Program administered jointly by ORNL and by the Oak Ridge Institute for
Science and Education. ORNL is managed by Lockheed Martin Energy Research
Corp. for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-960R22464.
D.S.C. is supported by a fellowship from Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones
Cientfficas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Argentina. Arthur J. Stewart and Tommy
Phelps (ORNL) provided constructive comments on a previous version of this
work. This chapter is Environmental Sciences Division publication 4683.
References
Adamson, A.W. Physical Chemistry of Surfaces. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1990.
Akit, 1.; Cooper, OJ.; Manninen, K.I.; Zajic, J.E. Investigation of potential biosurfactant
production among phytopathogenic Corynebacteria and related soil microbes. Curro
Microbio!. 6: 145-150; 1981.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Annual Book of ASTM Standards,
vo!. 11.01. Philadelphia, PA: ASTM; 1995.
Antia, N.J.; Landymore, A.F. Physiological and ecological significance of the chemical
instability of uric acid and related purines in sea water and marine algal culture medium.
J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 31:1327-1335; 1974.
Armstrong, F.A.l.; Williams, P.M.; Strickland J.D.H. Photo-oxidation of organic matter in
sea water by ultraviolet radiation, analytical and other applications. Nature 211 :481483; 1966.
Aronstein, B.N.; Paterek, l.R. Effect of nonionic surfactant on the degradation of glasssorbed PCB congeners by integrated chemical-biological treatment. Environ. Toxico!.
Chern. 14:749-754; 1995.
Baier, RE. Surface quality assessment of natural bodies of water. Proceedings of the 13th
Conference on Great Lakes Research: International Association of Great Lakes Research
114-127; 1970.
Banat, I.M. Biosurfactants production and possible uses in microbial enhanced oil recovery
and oil pollution remediation: a review. Bioresource Techno!. 51:1-12; 1995.
Banat, I.M. The isolation of a thermophilic biosurfactant producing Baciullus sp. Biotech.
Lett. 15:591-594; 1993.
Barger, W.R; Garret, W.O. Surface active organic material in air over the Mediterranean
and over the eastern equatorial Pacific. l. Geophys. Res. 81:3151-3157; 1976.
Baylor, E.R; Sutcliffe, W.H.; Hirschfeld, D.S. Adsorption of phosphates onto bubbles.
Deep Sea Res. 9: 120-124; 1962.
Bennett-Corriea, W.; Sokol, H.A.; Garrison, W.M. Reductive Deamination in the Radiolysis of Oligopeptides in Aqueous Solution and in the Solid State. AEC rep. UCRL19504. Berkeley: University of Calif. Radiation Laboratory; 1970.
Blanchard, D.C. Surface-active organic material on airborne salt particles. Proceedings of
the International Conference on Cloud Physics, Toronto 1 :25-29; 1968.
Blanchard, D.C. Sea-to-air transport of surface active materia!. Science 146:396-397;
1964.
Blanchard, D.C. The electrification of the atmosphere by particles from bubbles in the sea.
Progr. Oceanogr. 1:71; 1963.