86
M.T. Arts
Many critical and fascinating questions regarding the ecophysiology and
chemistry of lipids in freshwater ecosystems remain unanswered. I have, in this
chapter, tried to highlight but a few of these. The role of EFAs in altering zooplankton community structure, standing biomass, production rates, and perhaps
the diapause process merits further study. Lipids are key players in the phenomenon of allelopathy and also act as chemical deterrents to foil zooplankton feeding.
Further elucidation of the structure of these activity suppressing compounds and
their role in structuring pelagic communities will undoubtedly be an emerging
area of great importance both from the academic and commercial perspective.
Acknowledgments. I am grateful to Environment Canada, through the National
Water Research Institute, for giving me the opportunity to write this chapter. Chris
Jones (George Mason University) provided me with the 1993 PAR data from
Redberry Lake. I thank Eric von Elert (Limnological Institute, University of
Constance) for helpful discussion on the role of allelopathic and chemical deterrent compounds in marine and freshwater ecosystems. David R. S. Lean (University of Ottawa, Ontario), Barbara Santer (Max Planck Institut fUr Limnology,
PIOn, Germany), and Bruce C. Wainman (McMaster University, Ontario) provided valuable comments on an earlier draft of this chapter.
References
Ahlgren, G.; Lundstedt, L.; Brett, M.T.; Forsberg, C. Lipid composition and food quality of
some freshwater phytoplankton for cladoceran zooplankters. J. Plankton Res. 12:809818; 1990.
Arts, M.T. Ecophysiology of lipids in pelagic crustacean zooplankton communities. In:
Cooksey, K.E., ed. Molecular Approaches to the Study of the Ocean. London: Chapman
& Hall; 1997:p. 329-341.
Arts, M.T.; Evans, M.S. Optical-digital measurements of energy reserves in calanoid
copepods: Intersegmental distribution and seasonal patterns. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36:289298; 1991.
Arts, M.T.; Rai, H. Effects of ultraviolet radiation on the production of lipid, carbohydrate,
and protein in three freshwater algal species. Freshwat. BioI. 38:597-610; 1997.
Arts, M.T.; Sprules, W.G. Evidence for indirect effects of fish predation on maternal lipid
investment in Holopedium gibberum. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 45:2147-2155; 1988.
Arts, M.T.; Headley, J.Y.; Peru, K.M. Persistence of herbicide residues in Gammarus
lacustris (Crustacea: Amphipoda) in prairie wetlands. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 15:481488; 1996.
Arts, M.T.; Ferguson, M.E.: Glozier, N.E.: Robarts, R.D.; Donald, D.B. Spatial and temporal variability in lipid dynamics of common amphipods: assessing the potential for
uptake of lipophilic contaminants. Ecotoxicology 4:91-113; 1995.
Arts, M.T.; Robarts, R.D.; Evans, M.S. Energy reserve lipids of zooplanktonic crustaceans
from an oligotrophic saline lake in relation to food resources and temperature. Can. J.
Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50:2404-2420; 1993.
Arts, M.T.; Evans, M.S.; Robarts, R.D. Seasonal patterns of total and energy reserve lipids
of dominant zooplanktonic crustaceans from a hyper-eutrophic lake. Oecologia 90:560571; 1992.
M.T. Arts
Many critical and fascinating questions regarding the ecophysiology and
chemistry of lipids in freshwater ecosystems remain unanswered. I have, in this
chapter, tried to highlight but a few of these. The role of EFAs in altering zooplankton community structure, standing biomass, production rates, and perhaps
the diapause process merits further study. Lipids are key players in the phenomenon of allelopathy and also act as chemical deterrents to foil zooplankton feeding.
Further elucidation of the structure of these activity suppressing compounds and
their role in structuring pelagic communities will undoubtedly be an emerging
area of great importance both from the academic and commercial perspective.
Acknowledgments. I am grateful to Environment Canada, through the National
Water Research Institute, for giving me the opportunity to write this chapter. Chris
Jones (George Mason University) provided me with the 1993 PAR data from
Redberry Lake. I thank Eric von Elert (Limnological Institute, University of
Constance) for helpful discussion on the role of allelopathic and chemical deterrent compounds in marine and freshwater ecosystems. David R. S. Lean (University of Ottawa, Ontario), Barbara Santer (Max Planck Institut fUr Limnology,
PIOn, Germany), and Bruce C. Wainman (McMaster University, Ontario) provided valuable comments on an earlier draft of this chapter.
References
Ahlgren, G.; Lundstedt, L.; Brett, M.T.; Forsberg, C. Lipid composition and food quality of
some freshwater phytoplankton for cladoceran zooplankters. J. Plankton Res. 12:809818; 1990.
Arts, M.T. Ecophysiology of lipids in pelagic crustacean zooplankton communities. In:
Cooksey, K.E., ed. Molecular Approaches to the Study of the Ocean. London: Chapman
& Hall; 1997:p. 329-341.
Arts, M.T.; Evans, M.S. Optical-digital measurements of energy reserves in calanoid
copepods: Intersegmental distribution and seasonal patterns. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36:289298; 1991.
Arts, M.T.; Rai, H. Effects of ultraviolet radiation on the production of lipid, carbohydrate,
and protein in three freshwater algal species. Freshwat. BioI. 38:597-610; 1997.
Arts, M.T.; Sprules, W.G. Evidence for indirect effects of fish predation on maternal lipid
investment in Holopedium gibberum. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 45:2147-2155; 1988.
Arts, M.T.; Headley, J.Y.; Peru, K.M. Persistence of herbicide residues in Gammarus
lacustris (Crustacea: Amphipoda) in prairie wetlands. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 15:481488; 1996.
Arts, M.T.; Ferguson, M.E.: Glozier, N.E.: Robarts, R.D.; Donald, D.B. Spatial and temporal variability in lipid dynamics of common amphipods: assessing the potential for
uptake of lipophilic contaminants. Ecotoxicology 4:91-113; 1995.
Arts, M.T.; Robarts, R.D.; Evans, M.S. Energy reserve lipids of zooplanktonic crustaceans
from an oligotrophic saline lake in relation to food resources and temperature. Can. J.
Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50:2404-2420; 1993.
Arts, M.T.; Evans, M.S.; Robarts, R.D. Seasonal patterns of total and energy reserve lipids
of dominant zooplanktonic crustaceans from a hyper-eutrophic lake. Oecologia 90:560571; 1992.