80
Table 3.1 (continued)
Enzymes
References
Substrate
Applications
2: Laccases: Enzymes resulted in the oxidation, decarboxylation, depolymerisation and
demethylation of substrates. These enzymes occur in multiple isoenzyme forms. The substrate
specificity and affinity of laccase can vary with changes in pH.
Laccases
Clemente et al.
(2001)
Dyes, azo dyes,
phenols and their
derivatives,
polyamines, lignins,
aryldiamines,
benzopyrenes
Food industry, paper
and pulp industry,
textile industry, dye
industry, cosmetics,
bioremediation, etc
[1] intracellular
laccases
Mayer and Staples
(2002)
[2] extracellular
laccases
Kandelbauer et al.
(2004)
Jimenez-Juarez
et al. (2005)
Machado and
Matheus (2006)
Tadesse and Luque
(2011)
Tang et al. (2012)
Brandt et al. (2013)
3: Peroxidases: are ubiquitous enzymes that oxidise the substrate at the expense of H 2 O 2 in the
presence of a mediator. The enzymes can be heam or nonheam proteins.
Manganese
peroxidases
Hofrichter et al.
(1998)
Phenol, lignin, dyes
Food industry, paper
and pulp industry,
textile industry,
pharmaceutical
industry, dye industry,
bioremediation, etc
Hakala et al. (2006)
Dawkar et al. (2008)
Longoria et al.
(2008)
Weber et al. (2008)
Ruiz-Duenas et al.
(2009)
Ghasemi et al.
(2010)
Hofrichter et al.
(2010)
Lignin peroxidases
Kordon et al. (2010) Aromatic, polycyclic,
halogenated phenolic
compounds
Food industry, paper
and pulp industry,
textile industry,
pharmaceutical
industry,
bioremediation, etc
Lundell et al. (2010)
Mui et al. (2010)
Ng et al. (2010)
Chandra et al.
(2011)
Krishnaveni and
Kowsalya (2011)
(continued)
I.C. Nair and K. Jayachandran