53
cardiovascular supplement in many countries such as the USA, Canada and Japan.
The main advantage of LK is that it is a safer therapeutic enzyme with no bleeding
disorders. So far administration of LK has not been reported to cause any damage
to kidney and liver. However, it has not received FDA approval as a thrombolytic
drug to date (Fig. 2.5) (Table 2.1).
2.3
Enzymes for Treatment of Cancer
Enzyme therapy is also employed in cancer treatment and increased the survival rate
of cancer patients. Cancer therapy involves prevention or destruction of cancer cell
proliferation without damaging the normal cells. Enzyme therapy for cancer treatment can be either by the use of antineoplastic enzyme therapy or by the use of
enzyme prodrug therapy. Amino acid deprivation methodology is a technique used
Table 2.1 FDA-approved enzymes for cardiovascular diseases
Enzyme/drugs
Brand name of
approved drugs
Classification
Indications
Side effects
Alteplase
Activase
®
Tissue-type
plasminogen
activator (tPA)
Acute
myocardial
infarction,
acute ischemic
stroke,
pulmonary
embolism
Bleeding, vomiting,
low blood pressure
(hypotension),
dizziness
Reteplase
Retavase
®
Tissue-type
plasminogen
activator (tPA)
Acute
myocardial
infarction
Nausea, vomiting,
fever, injection site
bleeding
Tenecteplase
TNKase
®
Tissue-type
plasminogen
activator (tPA)
Acute
myocardial
infarction
Bleeding, nausea or
dizziness
Metalyse
®
Urokinase
Abbokinase
®
plasminogen
activator
Acute
myocardial
infarction
Haemorrhage,
anaphylaxis
Kinlytic
®
Streptokinase
Streptase
®
,
Kabikinase
® ,
Heberkinasa
®
plasminogen
activator
Myocardial
infarction,
pulmonary
embolism,
deep vein
thrombosis,
arterial
thrombosis or
embolism
Bleeding,
anaphylaxis
Anistreplase
Eminase
®
plasminogen
activator
Acute
myocardial
infarction
Bleeding, nausea,
fever
2 Therapeutic Enzymes
cardiovascular supplement in many countries such as the USA, Canada and Japan.
The main advantage of LK is that it is a safer therapeutic enzyme with no bleeding
disorders. So far administration of LK has not been reported to cause any damage
to kidney and liver. However, it has not received FDA approval as a thrombolytic
drug to date (Fig. 2.5) (Table 2.1).
2.3
Enzymes for Treatment of Cancer
Enzyme therapy is also employed in cancer treatment and increased the survival rate
of cancer patients. Cancer therapy involves prevention or destruction of cancer cell
proliferation without damaging the normal cells. Enzyme therapy for cancer treatment can be either by the use of antineoplastic enzyme therapy or by the use of
enzyme prodrug therapy. Amino acid deprivation methodology is a technique used
Table 2.1 FDA-approved enzymes for cardiovascular diseases
Enzyme/drugs
Brand name of
approved drugs
Classification
Indications
Side effects
Alteplase
Activase
®
Tissue-type
plasminogen
activator (tPA)
Acute
myocardial
infarction,
acute ischemic
stroke,
pulmonary
embolism
Bleeding, vomiting,
low blood pressure
(hypotension),
dizziness
Reteplase
Retavase
®
Tissue-type
plasminogen
activator (tPA)
Acute
myocardial
infarction
Nausea, vomiting,
fever, injection site
bleeding
Tenecteplase
TNKase
®
Tissue-type
plasminogen
activator (tPA)
Acute
myocardial
infarction
Bleeding, nausea or
dizziness
Metalyse
®
Urokinase
Abbokinase
®
plasminogen
activator
Acute
myocardial
infarction
Haemorrhage,
anaphylaxis
Kinlytic
®
Streptokinase
Streptase
®
,
Kabikinase
® ,
Heberkinasa
®
plasminogen
activator
Myocardial
infarction,
pulmonary
embolism,
deep vein
thrombosis,
arterial
thrombosis or
embolism
Bleeding,
anaphylaxis
Anistreplase
Eminase
®
plasminogen
activator
Acute
myocardial
infarction
Bleeding, nausea,
fever
2 Therapeutic Enzymes