149
dium glutamate has taste-enhancing properties, and out of eight isomers of menthol
only (l)-menthol has the desired combination of mint taste and cooling sensation
(Collins and Kennedy 1999).
Food Industries There is an increasing demand by consumers for natural, environmentally friendly and healthy products made from natural, renewable sources, for
use in both food ingredients and personal care products. Biotransformation enzymes
play a prominent role in the production of various food products like cheese, wine,
food additives, etc. The advantages of using biotransformation for these types of
preparations are the ability to operate under mild conditions, hence retaining the
traditional properties of the food products.
5.6
Conclusions
Biotransformation is a process by which organic compounds are transformed from
one form to another, aided by organisms such as bacteria, fungi and enzymes. It is
used as a valuable strategy to build molecules similar to parent drugs in the drug
discovery programme. It can also be used to synthesize compounds or materials.
Microbial biotransformation or microbial biotechnology is extensively used to generate metabolites in bulk amounts. Biotransformation approaches and synthetic
methods in tandem provide a source for generating compounds around core structures, which can be screened for various biological activity studies. These studies
help in screening and advancing compounds through various stages of the drug
discovery programme. Hence, biotransformation experiments can be effectively utilized to synthesize more compounds. Identification of the tentative structure of
metabolites helps to design and synthesize new molecules similar to the parent compound. The synthesized metabolites can be a compound or material whose properties might be similar to those of the parent drug, and can serve as an ideal backup
compound for parent drug in clinical trials (Ravindran et al. 2012).
References
Kamel AM (2007) Metabolic transformations of Xenobiotics (Introduction of Biotransformation
reactions). Bioanalytical Course, University of Connecticut, Chemistry Building T309,
11:00–12:15
Bartikova H, Skalova L, Stuchlikova L, Vokral I, Vanek T, Podlipna R (2015) Xenobioticmetabolizing enzymes in plants and their role in uptake and biotransformation of veterinary
drugs in the environment. Drug Metab Rev 14:1–14
Collins AM, Kennedy MJ (1999) Biotransformations and bioconversions in New Zealand: past
endeavours and future potential. Australas Biotechnol 9:86–94
Evans (1992) DAP N-acetyltransferase. In: Kalow W (ed) Pharmacogenetics of drug metabolism.
Pergamon Press, New York, pp 95–178
Ghisalba O, Meyer H-P, Wohlgemuth R, Ag L (2010) ‘Industrial biotransformation’; encyclopedia
of industrial biotechnology: bioprocess, bioseparation, and cell technology. Wiley, Hoboken
5 Biotransformation Enzymes
dium glutamate has taste-enhancing properties, and out of eight isomers of menthol
only (l)-menthol has the desired combination of mint taste and cooling sensation
(Collins and Kennedy 1999).
Food Industries There is an increasing demand by consumers for natural, environmentally friendly and healthy products made from natural, renewable sources, for
use in both food ingredients and personal care products. Biotransformation enzymes
play a prominent role in the production of various food products like cheese, wine,
food additives, etc. The advantages of using biotransformation for these types of
preparations are the ability to operate under mild conditions, hence retaining the
traditional properties of the food products.
5.6
Conclusions
Biotransformation is a process by which organic compounds are transformed from
one form to another, aided by organisms such as bacteria, fungi and enzymes. It is
used as a valuable strategy to build molecules similar to parent drugs in the drug
discovery programme. It can also be used to synthesize compounds or materials.
Microbial biotransformation or microbial biotechnology is extensively used to generate metabolites in bulk amounts. Biotransformation approaches and synthetic
methods in tandem provide a source for generating compounds around core structures, which can be screened for various biological activity studies. These studies
help in screening and advancing compounds through various stages of the drug
discovery programme. Hence, biotransformation experiments can be effectively utilized to synthesize more compounds. Identification of the tentative structure of
metabolites helps to design and synthesize new molecules similar to the parent compound. The synthesized metabolites can be a compound or material whose properties might be similar to those of the parent drug, and can serve as an ideal backup
compound for parent drug in clinical trials (Ravindran et al. 2012).
References
Kamel AM (2007) Metabolic transformations of Xenobiotics (Introduction of Biotransformation
reactions). Bioanalytical Course, University of Connecticut, Chemistry Building T309,
11:00–12:15
Bartikova H, Skalova L, Stuchlikova L, Vokral I, Vanek T, Podlipna R (2015) Xenobioticmetabolizing enzymes in plants and their role in uptake and biotransformation of veterinary
drugs in the environment. Drug Metab Rev 14:1–14
Collins AM, Kennedy MJ (1999) Biotransformations and bioconversions in New Zealand: past
endeavours and future potential. Australas Biotechnol 9:86–94
Evans (1992) DAP N-acetyltransferase. In: Kalow W (ed) Pharmacogenetics of drug metabolism.
Pergamon Press, New York, pp 95–178
Ghisalba O, Meyer H-P, Wohlgemuth R, Ag L (2010) ‘Industrial biotransformation’; encyclopedia
of industrial biotechnology: bioprocess, bioseparation, and cell technology. Wiley, Hoboken
5 Biotransformation Enzymes