147
mammalian metabolism of drugs, which enables structure determination of drug
metabolites for use in preclinical trials, toxicity studies and regulatory process.
5.5
Industrially Significant Biotransformations
Selected milestones of industrially relevant biotransformation and biocatalytic processes are summarized in Table 5.5.
Table 5.4 Reactions catalysed by microorganisms
Microbial strain
Reaction catalysed
Examples
Gliocladium roseum Hydroxylation
Hydroxylation of
unsubstituted coumarin to
7-hydroxy coumarin
Glycosylation of 7-hydroxy
coumarin to
6,7-dihydroxy-coumarin-6glycoside
Glycosylation
Candida tropicalis
Alkylation
O-alkylation of 7-hydroxy
coumarin to 7-methoxy
coumarin
Streptomyces griseus Oxidation
O-deethylation of 7-ethoxy
coumarin to 7-hydroxy
coumarin
Hydroxylation of 7-hydroxy
coumarin to 6,7-dihydroxy
coumarin
O-, N-dealkylation
Methylation of
6,7-dihydroxy coumarin to
7-hydroxy-6-methyl
coumarin
Aromatic hydroxylationEpoxidation
Carbon-carbon fission
Aerobacter
aerogenes
Microorganisms with mercurymetabolizing capability
Bacillus megaterium
Clostridium
cochlearium
Desulfovibrio
desulfuricans
Desulfovibrio
vulgaris
Desulfobulbus
propionicus
Enterobacter
aerogenes
Escherichia coli
5 Biotransformation Enzymes