Apoptosis and Cell Culture Technology
Mohamed A1-Rubeai
Centre for Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering,
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
1 Introduction .............................................
226
2 Growth, Survival and Death ...................................
228
3 Programmed Cell Death ......................................
229
3.1 Morphological Features of Apoptosis ...........................
231
3.2 Methods for the Detection and Analysis of Apoptosis ..................
233
3.2.1 Microscopically Based Methods ...........................
234
3.2.2 DNA Fragmentaton ..................................
234
3.2.3 Flow Cytometric Methods ...............................
235
4 Mechanisms and Death Signals .................................
237
4.1 Apoptosis Induced by Removal of Growth Factors and Nutrient Deprivation
. . . 239
4.2 Genetic Regulation of Apoptosis ..............................
240
4.3 Inhibition of Apoptosis ....................................
241
5 Exploiting Apoptosis in Cell Culture Technology .......................
243
6 References ..............................................
247
The importance of apoptosis in cell culture has now been widely recognised. Recent work has shown
that this process is widely manifested during the in vitro cultivation of commercially important
mammalian cell lines.
In this review I summarise what is now known of the characteristics, significance and regulatory
mechanisms of apoptosis. As the process of cell proliferation and cell death are now considered
intimately related, particular attention is paid to highlight the progress and opportunities in the field
of cell culture engineering. The strategies that have been undertaken to prevent the induction of
apoptosis in cell culture and those which have been suggested as possibilities to improve culture
productivity through the apoptosis route are discussed with given examples.
Advances in Biochemical Engineering/
Biotechnology, Vol. 59
Managing Editor: T. Scheper
9 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998
Mohamed A1-Rubeai
Centre for Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering,
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
1 Introduction .............................................
226
2 Growth, Survival and Death ...................................
228
3 Programmed Cell Death ......................................
229
3.1 Morphological Features of Apoptosis ...........................
231
3.2 Methods for the Detection and Analysis of Apoptosis ..................
233
3.2.1 Microscopically Based Methods ...........................
234
3.2.2 DNA Fragmentaton ..................................
234
3.2.3 Flow Cytometric Methods ...............................
235
4 Mechanisms and Death Signals .................................
237
4.1 Apoptosis Induced by Removal of Growth Factors and Nutrient Deprivation
. . . 239
4.2 Genetic Regulation of Apoptosis ..............................
240
4.3 Inhibition of Apoptosis ....................................
241
5 Exploiting Apoptosis in Cell Culture Technology .......................
243
6 References ..............................................
247
The importance of apoptosis in cell culture has now been widely recognised. Recent work has shown
that this process is widely manifested during the in vitro cultivation of commercially important
mammalian cell lines.
In this review I summarise what is now known of the characteristics, significance and regulatory
mechanisms of apoptosis. As the process of cell proliferation and cell death are now considered
intimately related, particular attention is paid to highlight the progress and opportunities in the field
of cell culture engineering. The strategies that have been undertaken to prevent the induction of
apoptosis in cell culture and those which have been suggested as possibilities to improve culture
productivity through the apoptosis route are discussed with given examples.
Advances in Biochemical Engineering/
Biotechnology, Vol. 59
Managing Editor: T. Scheper
9 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998