16. Norton PM, Wells JM, Brown HWG, Macpherson AM, Le Page RWF (1997) Protection
against tetanus toxin in mice nasally immunized with recombant Lactobacillus lactis
expressing tetanus toxin fragment C. Vaccine 15 : 616–649
17. Tagg JR, Dajani AS, Wannamaker LW (1976) Bacteriocins of Gram-positive bacteria.
Bacteriol Rev 40 : 722–756
18. Gratia A (1925) Sur un remarquable example d’antagonisme entre souches de colibacille. CR Soc Biol 93 :1040–1041
19. Frédericq P (1948) Actions antibiotiques reciproques chez les Enterobacteriaceae. Rev
Bel Pathol Med Exp 19:1–107
20. Jack RW, Tagg JR, Ray B (1995) Bacteriocins of Gram-positive bacteria. Microbiol Rev
59 :171–200
21. Klaenhammer TR (1993) Genetics of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria.
FEMS Microbiol Rev 12 : 39–86
22. Jung G, Sahl H-G (1991) Nisin and Novel Lantibiotics, ESCOM Science Publishers BV.,
Leiden
23. Baba T, Schneewind O (1998) Instruments of microbial warfare: bacteriocin synthesis,
toxicity and immunity. Trends Microbiol 6 : 66–71
24. Rogers LA (1928) The inhibitory effect of Streptococcus lactis on Lactobacillus bulgaricus. J Bacteriol 16 : 321–325
25. Whitehead HR (1933) A substance inhibiting bacterial growth, produced by certain
strains of lactic streptococci. Biochem J 27 :1793–1800
26. Mattick ATR, Hirsch A (1947) Further observations on an inhibitory substance (nisin)
from lactic streptococci. Lancet 2 : 5–7
27. Hurst A (1981) Nisin. Adv Appl Microbiol 27 : 85–123
28. Nes IF, Diep DB, Håvarstein LS, Brurberg MB, Eijsink V, Holo H (1996) Biosynthesis of
bacteriocins in lactic acid bacteria. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
29. Kaletta C, Entian K-D (1989) Nisin, a peptide antibiotic: cloning and sequencing of the
nisA gene and posttranslational processing of its peptide product. J Bacteriol
171:1597–1601
30. Piard JC, Delorme F, Giraffa G, Commissaire J, Desmazeaud M (1990) Evidence
for a bacteriocin produced by lactococcus lactis CNRZ 481. Neth Milk Dairy J 44 :
143–158
31. Møfrtveldt CI, Nes IF (1990 Plasmid-associated bacteriocin production by a
Lactobacillus sake strain. J Gen Microbiol 136 :1601–1607
32. Horn N, Swindell S, Dodd H, Gasson M (1991) Nisin biosynthesis genes are encoded by
a novel conjugative transposon. Mol Gen Genet 228 :129–135
33. Møfrtveldt CI, Nissen-Meyer J, Sletten K, Nes IF (1991) Purification and amino acid
sequence of lactocin S, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus sake L45. Appl Environ
Microbiol 57 :1829–1834
34. Harris LJ, Fleming HP, Klaenhammer TR (1992) Developments in nisin research. Food
Res Int 25 : 57–66
35. Stoffels G, Nes IF, Gudmundsdottir A (1992) Isolation and properties of a bacteriocinproducing Carnobacterium piscicola isolated from fish. J Appl Bacteriol 73 : 309–316
36. Stoffels G, Nissen-Meyer J, Gudmundsdottir A, Sletten K, Holo H, Nes IF (1992) Purification and characterization of a new bacteriocin isolated from a Carnobacterium sp.
Appl Environ Microbiol 58 :1417–1422
37. Rauch PJG, Beerthuyzen MM, De Vos WM (1990) Nucleotide sequence of IS904
from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strain NIZO R5. Nucleic Acids Res 18 : 4253–
4254
38. Paik SH, Chakicherla A, Hansen JN (1998) Identification and Characterization of the
Structural and Transporter Genes for, and the Chemical and Biological Properties of
Sublancin 168, a Novel lantibiotic Produced by Bacillus subtilis 168. J Biol Chem
273 : 23134–23142
39. Jung G (1991) Lantibiotics: a survey. In: Jung G, Sahl H-G (eds) Nisin and Novel
Lantibiotics. ESCOM Science, Leiden, pp 1–34
Antimicrobial Peptides of Lactic Acid Bacteria: Mode of Action, Genetics and Biosynthesis
51
against tetanus toxin in mice nasally immunized with recombant Lactobacillus lactis
expressing tetanus toxin fragment C. Vaccine 15 : 616–649
17. Tagg JR, Dajani AS, Wannamaker LW (1976) Bacteriocins of Gram-positive bacteria.
Bacteriol Rev 40 : 722–756
18. Gratia A (1925) Sur un remarquable example d’antagonisme entre souches de colibacille. CR Soc Biol 93 :1040–1041
19. Frédericq P (1948) Actions antibiotiques reciproques chez les Enterobacteriaceae. Rev
Bel Pathol Med Exp 19:1–107
20. Jack RW, Tagg JR, Ray B (1995) Bacteriocins of Gram-positive bacteria. Microbiol Rev
59 :171–200
21. Klaenhammer TR (1993) Genetics of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria.
FEMS Microbiol Rev 12 : 39–86
22. Jung G, Sahl H-G (1991) Nisin and Novel Lantibiotics, ESCOM Science Publishers BV.,
Leiden
23. Baba T, Schneewind O (1998) Instruments of microbial warfare: bacteriocin synthesis,
toxicity and immunity. Trends Microbiol 6 : 66–71
24. Rogers LA (1928) The inhibitory effect of Streptococcus lactis on Lactobacillus bulgaricus. J Bacteriol 16 : 321–325
25. Whitehead HR (1933) A substance inhibiting bacterial growth, produced by certain
strains of lactic streptococci. Biochem J 27 :1793–1800
26. Mattick ATR, Hirsch A (1947) Further observations on an inhibitory substance (nisin)
from lactic streptococci. Lancet 2 : 5–7
27. Hurst A (1981) Nisin. Adv Appl Microbiol 27 : 85–123
28. Nes IF, Diep DB, Håvarstein LS, Brurberg MB, Eijsink V, Holo H (1996) Biosynthesis of
bacteriocins in lactic acid bacteria. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
29. Kaletta C, Entian K-D (1989) Nisin, a peptide antibiotic: cloning and sequencing of the
nisA gene and posttranslational processing of its peptide product. J Bacteriol
171:1597–1601
30. Piard JC, Delorme F, Giraffa G, Commissaire J, Desmazeaud M (1990) Evidence
for a bacteriocin produced by lactococcus lactis CNRZ 481. Neth Milk Dairy J 44 :
143–158
31. Møfrtveldt CI, Nes IF (1990 Plasmid-associated bacteriocin production by a
Lactobacillus sake strain. J Gen Microbiol 136 :1601–1607
32. Horn N, Swindell S, Dodd H, Gasson M (1991) Nisin biosynthesis genes are encoded by
a novel conjugative transposon. Mol Gen Genet 228 :129–135
33. Møfrtveldt CI, Nissen-Meyer J, Sletten K, Nes IF (1991) Purification and amino acid
sequence of lactocin S, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus sake L45. Appl Environ
Microbiol 57 :1829–1834
34. Harris LJ, Fleming HP, Klaenhammer TR (1992) Developments in nisin research. Food
Res Int 25 : 57–66
35. Stoffels G, Nes IF, Gudmundsdottir A (1992) Isolation and properties of a bacteriocinproducing Carnobacterium piscicola isolated from fish. J Appl Bacteriol 73 : 309–316
36. Stoffels G, Nissen-Meyer J, Gudmundsdottir A, Sletten K, Holo H, Nes IF (1992) Purification and characterization of a new bacteriocin isolated from a Carnobacterium sp.
Appl Environ Microbiol 58 :1417–1422
37. Rauch PJG, Beerthuyzen MM, De Vos WM (1990) Nucleotide sequence of IS904
from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strain NIZO R5. Nucleic Acids Res 18 : 4253–
4254
38. Paik SH, Chakicherla A, Hansen JN (1998) Identification and Characterization of the
Structural and Transporter Genes for, and the Chemical and Biological Properties of
Sublancin 168, a Novel lantibiotic Produced by Bacillus subtilis 168. J Biol Chem
273 : 23134–23142
39. Jung G (1991) Lantibiotics: a survey. In: Jung G, Sahl H-G (eds) Nisin and Novel
Lantibiotics. ESCOM Science, Leiden, pp 1–34
Antimicrobial Peptides of Lactic Acid Bacteria: Mode of Action, Genetics and Biosynthesis
51