322
Index
Variation (continued)
stochasticity; Population, change;
Model, varying parameters;
Reproduction
environmental, 1, 6, 42, 50, 53, 54, 64,
88, 93, 115, 118, 119, 135–144,
149, 169–185, 189–192, 200, 201,
209, 211–214, 218, 223, 226, 227,
229, 232, 263, 267, 274 –288, 297
temporal, 70, 71, 73, 165, 169–185,
188–197, 200, 278, 301, 303
Vector, 130, 132, 137, 138, 139, 141, 225,
296
Vital rates, 66, 100, 115, 148–165, 169,
172, 179, 181–184; see also
Growth, individual; Population,
dynamics; Reproduction; Survival
change, 148, 149, 152, 154, 155, 157,
159, 161–164, 169, 172, 182, 185
Vulnerability index, 34, 35, 36, 139, 246
Wetlands, 191, 192
Wilderness (undisturbed ecosystems), 128,
129, 130, 136, 137, 139, 144, 189,
231
Windstorms, 176, 178, 179, 180, 183