Index
321
Threshold, 27, 42, 49, 139, 175, 176, 179,
182, 193, 196, 212, 215, 216, 262;
see also Categories of threat, assessment, thresholds
Time, see Age; Extinction; Frequency;
Generation; Management, Time
frame; Matrix models for population growth; Model; Recovery;
Risk analysis; Sample, bias; Seasonal factors; Survey; Survival;
Variable; Variation, environmental
Tolerance, 30, 64, 137, 228, 230, 231,
265, 304; see also Disease; Habitat, specificity
Topography, 39, 45, 48, 53, 137, 139,
192, 292
Trade, 59, 77–93, 138, 139; see also
Economics
CITES, 27
free trade agreements, 78
restrictions, 27, 62, 78–83, 87, 89, 93,
109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116,
117, 122, 123, 239; see also Management, agencies; Policy, exotic
species introduction
quarantine, 77–83, 90
Trajectories, 104, 121, 156, 157, 179, 180,
182, 183, 280, 281, 284, 285, 286
Translocation, 59, 61, 80, 160, 164, 236,
238, 240, 243, 259
Transparency, 28, 44, 87, 127
Triangular distribution, 88, 89, 90
Trophic level, 31, 32, 33, 35, 119
significance, 32, 33
Uncertainty, 117, 141, 148, 170, 173, 175,
180, 182, 185, 301–304; see also
Abundance, estimation; Data, limitations; Management, decisions;
Model, assumptions; Sample, bias;
Variation
measurement of, 45, 84, 87, 89, 93, 96,
99, 100, 102, 112, 114, 117, 130,
145, 169–185
parameter estimation, 36, 73, 84, 112,
114, 115, 123, 128, 145, 157, 158,
165, 169–185
sources, 51, 88, 96, 111, 118, 132, 133,
144, 169–185
Units analysis, 87
Vagrant, 40, 64 –74
Validation, see Model
Variable, 73, 103, 136, 155, 165, 296; see
also Climate; Covariance; Data;
Matrix models for population
growth; Model, structure; Statistical distribution
constant, 33, 66, 112, 156, 160, 189,
191, 203, 217, 260, 278, 283
dependence, 1, 3, 4, 42, 44, 135, 179;
see also Correlation; Probability,
conditional
dimensionless, 299
dummy, 32
grouped, 136
independence, 9, 49, 154, 174, 201,
202, 203, 211–216, 277
interaction, 33, 43, 44, 130, 132, 133,
136–139, 163, 182, 268, 283, 288;
see also Correlation
scale, 40, 42, 43, 45, 48, 53, 88, 109,
135, 136, 154, 155, 185, 192, 207,
263, 300
selection, 31–37, 44, 48, 53, 66–69,
123, 130, 138, 139, 174, 179, 200–
202, 207, 214, 223, 224, 288, 294,
297, 302; see also Correlation; Iterative methods; Monte Carlo;
Sample
accuracy, 181, 182, 184; see also
Uncertainty
binary, 29, 30, 32, 48, 303
conservative, 88, 102, 114, 174, 175,
179
data developed specifically for
model, 20, 52, 53, 54, 67, 87, 136,
161, 304
ecological considerations, 27, 31, 32,
35, 39– 45, 48, 50, 87, 88, 133,
137, 173, 176, 192, 201, 213, 223,
294, 299
expert knowledge/literature, 31, 32,
44, 48, 54, 64, 66–69, 87, 88, 107,
112, 127–145, 175, 191, 199, 279,
293
qualitative, 29, 31, 40, 138
relevant subsets, 11, 31, 32, 43, 44,
46, 48, 52, 53, 130, 188, 190, 196,
297
statistical, 2, 3, 10, 29–32, 42, 44,
48, 49, 53, 64 –69, 84, 87–93,
112–114, 135, 145, 154, 162,
171–184, 217, 278, 279, 283
time, 2– 4, 9, 64 –66, 101, 161, 213,
218
Variation, 53, 165, 169, 181, 182, 189,
191, 200, 201, 278; see also
Covariance; Demographic pattern,
321
Threshold, 27, 42, 49, 139, 175, 176, 179,
182, 193, 196, 212, 215, 216, 262;
see also Categories of threat, assessment, thresholds
Time, see Age; Extinction; Frequency;
Generation; Management, Time
frame; Matrix models for population growth; Model; Recovery;
Risk analysis; Sample, bias; Seasonal factors; Survey; Survival;
Variable; Variation, environmental
Tolerance, 30, 64, 137, 228, 230, 231,
265, 304; see also Disease; Habitat, specificity
Topography, 39, 45, 48, 53, 137, 139,
192, 292
Trade, 59, 77–93, 138, 139; see also
Economics
CITES, 27
free trade agreements, 78
restrictions, 27, 62, 78–83, 87, 89, 93,
109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116,
117, 122, 123, 239; see also Management, agencies; Policy, exotic
species introduction
quarantine, 77–83, 90
Trajectories, 104, 121, 156, 157, 179, 180,
182, 183, 280, 281, 284, 285, 286
Translocation, 59, 61, 80, 160, 164, 236,
238, 240, 243, 259
Transparency, 28, 44, 87, 127
Triangular distribution, 88, 89, 90
Trophic level, 31, 32, 33, 35, 119
significance, 32, 33
Uncertainty, 117, 141, 148, 170, 173, 175,
180, 182, 185, 301–304; see also
Abundance, estimation; Data, limitations; Management, decisions;
Model, assumptions; Sample, bias;
Variation
measurement of, 45, 84, 87, 89, 93, 96,
99, 100, 102, 112, 114, 117, 130,
145, 169–185
parameter estimation, 36, 73, 84, 112,
114, 115, 123, 128, 145, 157, 158,
165, 169–185
sources, 51, 88, 96, 111, 118, 132, 133,
144, 169–185
Units analysis, 87
Vagrant, 40, 64 –74
Validation, see Model
Variable, 73, 103, 136, 155, 165, 296; see
also Climate; Covariance; Data;
Matrix models for population
growth; Model, structure; Statistical distribution
constant, 33, 66, 112, 156, 160, 189,
191, 203, 217, 260, 278, 283
dependence, 1, 3, 4, 42, 44, 135, 179;
see also Correlation; Probability,
conditional
dimensionless, 299
dummy, 32
grouped, 136
independence, 9, 49, 154, 174, 201,
202, 203, 211–216, 277
interaction, 33, 43, 44, 130, 132, 133,
136–139, 163, 182, 268, 283, 288;
see also Correlation
scale, 40, 42, 43, 45, 48, 53, 88, 109,
135, 136, 154, 155, 185, 192, 207,
263, 300
selection, 31–37, 44, 48, 53, 66–69,
123, 130, 138, 139, 174, 179, 200–
202, 207, 214, 223, 224, 288, 294,
297, 302; see also Correlation; Iterative methods; Monte Carlo;
Sample
accuracy, 181, 182, 184; see also
Uncertainty
binary, 29, 30, 32, 48, 303
conservative, 88, 102, 114, 174, 175,
179
data developed specifically for
model, 20, 52, 53, 54, 67, 87, 136,
161, 304
ecological considerations, 27, 31, 32,
35, 39– 45, 48, 50, 87, 88, 133,
137, 173, 176, 192, 201, 213, 223,
294, 299
expert knowledge/literature, 31, 32,
44, 48, 54, 64, 66–69, 87, 88, 107,
112, 127–145, 175, 191, 199, 279,
293
qualitative, 29, 31, 40, 138
relevant subsets, 11, 31, 32, 43, 44,
46, 48, 52, 53, 130, 188, 190, 196,
297
statistical, 2, 3, 10, 29–32, 42, 44,
48, 49, 53, 64 –69, 84, 87–93,
112–114, 135, 145, 154, 162,
171–184, 217, 278, 279, 283
time, 2– 4, 9, 64 –66, 101, 161, 213,
218
Variation, 53, 165, 169, 181, 182, 189,
191, 200, 201, 278; see also
Covariance; Demographic pattern,