94
Michael J. Firko and Edward V. Podleckis
Literature Cited
Bennett FD (1993) Do introduced parasitoids displace native ones? Florida Entomologist
76:54 –63
Carruthers RI, Onsager JA (1993) Perspective on the use of exotic natural enemies for
biological control of pest grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Environmental Entomology 22:885–903
FAO (1996) International standards for phytosanitary measures, Part 1—Import regulations: guidelines for pest risk analysis. Secretariat of the International Plant Protection
Convention, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Rome,
Italy
Gipson P (1991) Enhancing credibility and delivery of APHIS programs through risk
communication: special report to the APHIS administrator and the APHIS management
team. APHIS/USDA Risk Communication Work Group, Washington, DC
Heinrich B (1979) Bumblebee economics. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
Hopper BE (ed) (1995) NAPPO compendium of phytosanitary terms. North American
Plant Protection Organization (NAPPO), Nepean, Ontario, Canada
Kaplan S (1992) “Expert information” versus “expert opinions.” Another approach to the
problem of eliciting/combining/using expert knowledge in PRA. Reliability Engineering
and System Safety 35:61–72
Lincoln RJ, Boxshall GA, Clark PF (1982) A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
Lockwood JA (1993) Environmental issues involved in biological control of rangeland
grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with exotic agents. Environmental Entomology
23:503–518
OTA (1993) Harmful non-indigenous species in the United States. Office of Technology
Assessment, US Congress, OTA-F-565. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
DC
OTA (1995) Biologically based technologies for pest control. Office of Technology Assessment, US Congress, OTA-ENV-636. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
Sailer RS (1978) Our immigrant insect fauna. ESA Bulletin 24:3–11
Simberloff D, Stiling P (1996) How risky is biological control? Ecology 77:1965–1974
USDA (1995a) Pathway-initiated pest risk assessment: guidelines for qualitative assessments, version 4.0. U.S. Department of Agriculture, USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Riverdale,
MD
USDA (1995b) Importation of Japanese Unshu orange fruits (Citrus reticulata) (Blanco
var. unshu Swingle) into citrus producing states, pest risk assessment. U.S. Department
of Agriculture, USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Riverdale, MD
USDA (1995c) Importation of avocado fruit (Persea americana) from Mexico, supplemental pest risk assessment. U.S. Department of Agriculture, USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Riverdale, MD
USDA (1996a) Karnal Bunt: likelihood of spread via conveyances, harvest equipment and
wheat shipments, preliminary probabilistic risk assessment. U.S. Department of Agriculture, USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Riverdale, MD
USDA (1996b) Karnal Bunt: special risk assessment addendum, risk of outbreak in states
receiving grain for milling from quarantine areas where seed and fields test negative and
millfeed is not treated. U.S. Department of Agriculture, USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Riverdale,
MD
Michael J. Firko and Edward V. Podleckis
Literature Cited
Bennett FD (1993) Do introduced parasitoids displace native ones? Florida Entomologist
76:54 –63
Carruthers RI, Onsager JA (1993) Perspective on the use of exotic natural enemies for
biological control of pest grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Environmental Entomology 22:885–903
FAO (1996) International standards for phytosanitary measures, Part 1—Import regulations: guidelines for pest risk analysis. Secretariat of the International Plant Protection
Convention, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Rome,
Italy
Gipson P (1991) Enhancing credibility and delivery of APHIS programs through risk
communication: special report to the APHIS administrator and the APHIS management
team. APHIS/USDA Risk Communication Work Group, Washington, DC
Heinrich B (1979) Bumblebee economics. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
Hopper BE (ed) (1995) NAPPO compendium of phytosanitary terms. North American
Plant Protection Organization (NAPPO), Nepean, Ontario, Canada
Kaplan S (1992) “Expert information” versus “expert opinions.” Another approach to the
problem of eliciting/combining/using expert knowledge in PRA. Reliability Engineering
and System Safety 35:61–72
Lincoln RJ, Boxshall GA, Clark PF (1982) A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
Lockwood JA (1993) Environmental issues involved in biological control of rangeland
grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with exotic agents. Environmental Entomology
23:503–518
OTA (1993) Harmful non-indigenous species in the United States. Office of Technology
Assessment, US Congress, OTA-F-565. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
DC
OTA (1995) Biologically based technologies for pest control. Office of Technology Assessment, US Congress, OTA-ENV-636. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
Sailer RS (1978) Our immigrant insect fauna. ESA Bulletin 24:3–11
Simberloff D, Stiling P (1996) How risky is biological control? Ecology 77:1965–1974
USDA (1995a) Pathway-initiated pest risk assessment: guidelines for qualitative assessments, version 4.0. U.S. Department of Agriculture, USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Riverdale,
MD
USDA (1995b) Importation of Japanese Unshu orange fruits (Citrus reticulata) (Blanco
var. unshu Swingle) into citrus producing states, pest risk assessment. U.S. Department
of Agriculture, USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Riverdale, MD
USDA (1995c) Importation of avocado fruit (Persea americana) from Mexico, supplemental pest risk assessment. U.S. Department of Agriculture, USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Riverdale, MD
USDA (1996a) Karnal Bunt: likelihood of spread via conveyances, harvest equipment and
wheat shipments, preliminary probabilistic risk assessment. U.S. Department of Agriculture, USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Riverdale, MD
USDA (1996b) Karnal Bunt: special risk assessment addendum, risk of outbreak in states
receiving grain for milling from quarantine areas where seed and fields test negative and
millfeed is not treated. U.S. Department of Agriculture, USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Riverdale,
MD