86
Chapter 2 Continental Sediments
a PERENNIAL LAKE
00L-. MARLS
FLUVIAL AND MARGINAL
SANDS AND SILlS
LITTORAL CARBONATES
(BIOGENIC . STROMATOLlTES,
OOIOS )
1
~~~,~~~~~~
-f OlL SHALES
2 __ EVAPORITES
3
1mm1==- HAllTE
!
HALITE
tIIItIIIl-- HAllTE
SODIUM SULFATI;S
~~ .. ~~GYPSUM
+ GLAUBERITE
A
" "
DOLOMITE
"" "" ---------------_....:.._----- ------ - -
...L. .........
...J... .1.
..... ...L
...... ..L
MARL
1
~lIIIt OlL SHALE
(KEROGEN·RICH MARL)
MUDSTONE
DETRITAL CLASl!CS
b PLAYA LAKE
3
BEDDED SALTS
~~ (HAllTE, TRONA,
.~
ANHYDRITE , ETC .)
:J SILT AND CLAY ,
FA~,,5!,..~,, ~;+ RICH IN ORG. C
INTRACLAST BRECCIA
as ( ' )
as (')
HAllTE
CARBONATE
~~riJ~ ::: __ -..;. 0 0 - - - -
~!;::l2~:J~YPSUM, ANHYDRITE,
OR HAllTE
1~~i;F== DOLOMITIC MARl
AND DOLOMITE
ALGAL MATS
SILT ANO CLAY
YLUSSITE,}
TRONA
NATRON LAKE
CALCAREOUS
CRUSTS AND
PORE CEMENT
___ 't~f.,. GYPSUM NODULES
T '.c;i?:' ~ö .:,~ AND Mg-CALCITE
0 .21 m ';i$~:X;J~-- EVAPORATIVE
; " l' ":'::',':: >::. PUMPING FROM
GROUNDWATER
'::~::'Q;5.
1
, m
~J:.;'~
:: :J, ...t..:.::
:9. ~t?, ~~'
1
LAMINATED SAND
'f DOLOMITIC
NODULAR
GYPSUM AND / OR
ANHYDRITE
SOME ROOTS,
BIOT URBA TlON
Fig. 2.33. a Generalized facies model of perennial,
predominantly saline lakes. b Model of ephemeral
playa lakes (continental sabkhas). al-a3 Idealized
sequences of a, central lake: 1 carbonate-sulfatechloride lake; 2 sulfate-chloride lake; 3 soda-chloride
lake. bl-b3 Sequences ofb: 1 sand flats, 2 mud flats,
and 3 of residual playa lake. Salts precipitated on the
surfaces of 1 and 2 are partially or entirely leached
during subsequent floods or later, after burial, within
sediment. For further explanation see text