12.39
intratest porosity 550
Ionian abyssal plain 216
lrish Sea 127
iron ooides, oxyhydrates s.
oolitic ironstones
island shelves 210
isostasy, isostatic compensation
(s. also subsidence) 387388,8.1ab
isostatic rebound 448-449, 9.17
isotopes of carbon, oxygen 242,
542,5.26
itabirite s. banded ironstones
289
Japan trench 581,587, 12.20a
denudation rates 440
Jökulhlaups 20
Jordan, phosphorites 205
Kara Bogas GoI 87,260
karstification 426
Karoo supergroup, Permo-Craboniferous, S. Africa 558
Kellwasser crisis 356
kerogen types, bitumen 706-709,
14.1-14.3
Keuper (Upper Triassie, s. also
Europe)
lake sediments 90
Kosi alluvial fan, India 37
Kupferschiefer, Permian (s. also
Zechstein) 268
lahar (volcanic debris flow) 65,
2.24b
lag sediments 376-377, 7.16, 7.46
lagoonal sediments 121, 123, 3.18
climate control 123
sedimentation rates 123
Lake
Baikai 79
Burdur, Turkey 39,2.14
Chad 88, 1l.7a
Eyre basin, Australia 87,88
Messel, Germany 91
Qinghai, China 514, 11.22
Ries lake 89
Tanganyika 90,496-497, 545,
12.2a
Turkana, East Africa 496,
514, 11.22
Victoria 90
lake chemistry 81-87,2.31
cloride, soda, sulfate 1. 84
evolution, modeling 512-514,
11.22
hard-water lakes 79, 2.29
isotopes, fluid inclusions 91
rare elements 92
residual brines 92
saline lakes 81-83,2.31,2.33
soft-water lakes 79
lakes 75-93
closed systems 81-83,2.28b,
2.33
lifetime of lakes 91
open systems 78-81, 2. 28a,
2.29
perenniallakes 81, 2.33a
physical processes 76-78, 2.28a
playas 84,87, 2.33b, 2.34
organic production 79, 89
types oflakes 76-78, 2.28
water stratification 76-78,
2.28
lake sediments 78-93
black shale 79-90, 92
biogenie sediments 79
carbonates 79, 83-84, 2.32
chert, chert nodules 82
detrital clastics 78, 2.29
diagenesis of evaporites 92
dolomite 84
Gilbert-type delta 78, 2.29a
gyttja, sapropel 79, 81
post-glaciallakes 79, 2.30
salt precipitation 81-83, 2.31
sediment successions 90-91,
2.32,2.33
sedimentation rates 91
siderite 84
types (overview) 78-79,2.28
varves 79, 2.28c
landscape evolution 451-453
cuestas 432-434, 9.11
inverted relief 9.11
orogenie belts 453, 9.19
lateral extrusion, basins 624-626,
12.40
lava sheets, plateau basalts 71-72
life, early evolution 286-287
limestone-marl altemations (s. also
rhythmic bedding, cyclic sequ.)
361
diagenetic overprint 297,687,
13.24
periodicities 364
lithographie limestones 374
lithospheric flexure s. flexure
lithostatic pressure s. pressure
loess, loessite 22, 62, 2.1 a
accumulation rates 62
Loferites s. cyclic sequences
10ngshore sand transport 96, 3.2b
Los Angeles basin 630
Louisian-Texas coast 127
lysocline (also s. deep-sea sed.,
carbonates) 193, 5.3b
Macleod basin, Austra1ia 260
Magda1ena basin, Colombia 641
Main River, disso1ved load 430,
9.9de
Makran wedge, Pakistan 584
mangrove 116, 3, 14
mantle asthenosphere 387, 8.1a
mantle upwelling 390, 8.2b
marginal plateaus, submarine 207
5.10
Mariana are 597
marl-limestone rhythms s. cyclic
sequences, rhythmic bedding
mass extinction, mortality 195,
356
maturity of sediments
chernical-mineralogical 423
Mazagan Plateau, Morocco 208
carbonate buildup 563
meandering rivers (also s. fluvial
systems, sediments) 44-46
meander belt 2.17a
oxbow lakes 2.17
point bars 2.17
swamps, backswamps 46, 2.18
Mediterranean Sea 170, 4.2b
Miocene evaporites 170, 268,
271
sapropel1ayers 170
clay minerals 423
Tyrrhenian Sea, evolution
559, 12.15ab
megabreccias 216,332,7.24
mega-rifting, Europe 571-574,
12.16
mega-turbidites 216
melange 588
Messinian evaporites 268,271
metamorphism (also s. diagenesis) 697, 13.28
Meteora monasteries, Greece 39
methanogenesis (also s. hydrocarbon generation) 685
methods in the study of sediments 11
Michigan basin 577, 12.17
Middle East oil province 716,
14.12
Milankovitch cycles (s. also
cyclostratigraphy) 657-661,
7.37
within third order sequences
377,7.14
mineral phase transitions, s.
subsidence
Mississippi
delta plain 155
deep-sea fan 231,5.21
river load 447
modes ofbasin fill 517-519,
11.24
coastal progradation
524-526, 11.28, 11.29
point sourees, deltas 579,
11.24-11.27
sediment transfer to deepsea fans 526-528, 11.30
molasse, definition s. foreland
basins
787
mud aggregates, transport, deposition 189-190
mud diapirs 563, 588, 12.11 c
mud flows s. debris flows,
gravity mass flows
intratest porosity 550
Ionian abyssal plain 216
lrish Sea 127
iron ooides, oxyhydrates s.
oolitic ironstones
island shelves 210
isostasy, isostatic compensation
(s. also subsidence) 387388,8.1ab
isostatic rebound 448-449, 9.17
isotopes of carbon, oxygen 242,
542,5.26
itabirite s. banded ironstones
289
Japan trench 581,587, 12.20a
denudation rates 440
Jökulhlaups 20
Jordan, phosphorites 205
Kara Bogas GoI 87,260
karstification 426
Karoo supergroup, Permo-Craboniferous, S. Africa 558
Kellwasser crisis 356
kerogen types, bitumen 706-709,
14.1-14.3
Keuper (Upper Triassie, s. also
Europe)
lake sediments 90
Kosi alluvial fan, India 37
Kupferschiefer, Permian (s. also
Zechstein) 268
lahar (volcanic debris flow) 65,
2.24b
lag sediments 376-377, 7.16, 7.46
lagoonal sediments 121, 123, 3.18
climate control 123
sedimentation rates 123
Lake
Baikai 79
Burdur, Turkey 39,2.14
Chad 88, 1l.7a
Eyre basin, Australia 87,88
Messel, Germany 91
Qinghai, China 514, 11.22
Ries lake 89
Tanganyika 90,496-497, 545,
12.2a
Turkana, East Africa 496,
514, 11.22
Victoria 90
lake chemistry 81-87,2.31
cloride, soda, sulfate 1. 84
evolution, modeling 512-514,
11.22
hard-water lakes 79, 2.29
isotopes, fluid inclusions 91
rare elements 92
residual brines 92
saline lakes 81-83,2.31,2.33
soft-water lakes 79
lakes 75-93
closed systems 81-83,2.28b,
2.33
lifetime of lakes 91
open systems 78-81, 2. 28a,
2.29
perenniallakes 81, 2.33a
physical processes 76-78, 2.28a
playas 84,87, 2.33b, 2.34
organic production 79, 89
types oflakes 76-78, 2.28
water stratification 76-78,
2.28
lake sediments 78-93
black shale 79-90, 92
biogenie sediments 79
carbonates 79, 83-84, 2.32
chert, chert nodules 82
detrital clastics 78, 2.29
diagenesis of evaporites 92
dolomite 84
Gilbert-type delta 78, 2.29a
gyttja, sapropel 79, 81
post-glaciallakes 79, 2.30
salt precipitation 81-83, 2.31
sediment successions 90-91,
2.32,2.33
sedimentation rates 91
siderite 84
types (overview) 78-79,2.28
varves 79, 2.28c
landscape evolution 451-453
cuestas 432-434, 9.11
inverted relief 9.11
orogenie belts 453, 9.19
lateral extrusion, basins 624-626,
12.40
lava sheets, plateau basalts 71-72
life, early evolution 286-287
limestone-marl altemations (s. also
rhythmic bedding, cyclic sequ.)
361
diagenetic overprint 297,687,
13.24
periodicities 364
lithographie limestones 374
lithospheric flexure s. flexure
lithostatic pressure s. pressure
loess, loessite 22, 62, 2.1 a
accumulation rates 62
Loferites s. cyclic sequences
10ngshore sand transport 96, 3.2b
Los Angeles basin 630
Louisian-Texas coast 127
lysocline (also s. deep-sea sed.,
carbonates) 193, 5.3b
Macleod basin, Austra1ia 260
Magda1ena basin, Colombia 641
Main River, disso1ved load 430,
9.9de
Makran wedge, Pakistan 584
mangrove 116, 3, 14
mantle asthenosphere 387, 8.1a
mantle upwelling 390, 8.2b
marginal plateaus, submarine 207
5.10
Mariana are 597
marl-limestone rhythms s. cyclic
sequences, rhythmic bedding
mass extinction, mortality 195,
356
maturity of sediments
chernical-mineralogical 423
Mazagan Plateau, Morocco 208
carbonate buildup 563
meandering rivers (also s. fluvial
systems, sediments) 44-46
meander belt 2.17a
oxbow lakes 2.17
point bars 2.17
swamps, backswamps 46, 2.18
Mediterranean Sea 170, 4.2b
Miocene evaporites 170, 268,
271
sapropel1ayers 170
clay minerals 423
Tyrrhenian Sea, evolution
559, 12.15ab
megabreccias 216,332,7.24
mega-rifting, Europe 571-574,
12.16
mega-turbidites 216
melange 588
Messinian evaporites 268,271
metamorphism (also s. diagenesis) 697, 13.28
Meteora monasteries, Greece 39
methanogenesis (also s. hydrocarbon generation) 685
methods in the study of sediments 11
Michigan basin 577, 12.17
Middle East oil province 716,
14.12
Milankovitch cycles (s. also
cyclostratigraphy) 657-661,
7.37
within third order sequences
377,7.14
mineral phase transitions, s.
subsidence
Mississippi
delta plain 155
deep-sea fan 231,5.21
river load 447
modes ofbasin fill 517-519,
11.24
coastal progradation
524-526, 11.28, 11.29
point sourees, deltas 579,
11.24-11.27
sediment transfer to deepsea fans 526-528, 11.30
molasse, definition s. foreland
basins
787
mud aggregates, transport, deposition 189-190
mud diapirs 563, 588, 12.11 c
mud flows s. debris flows,
gravity mass flows