13.2 Compaction, Flow Mechanisms
a
VOIO RATIO, e
0.00' °
1 2 3
"
5 6 7
9
H
-
a
"'=
a..
C~p-E
J:ChP
~
Si'
CD
0•
ChCY
W,O.OI
--- ' , ~
a:
e .§
:::>
(J)
(J)
w
a:
a.. 0.1
Z
DIATOM.
W
OOZE
0
(GULF OF
a:
:::>
CAUFORNIA)
!Xl
a: 1
w
> 0 2
w
> 5
i=
ü
w
0.30.5 0.7
0.8
0.85
0.9
u. u.
POROSITY , n
w
TERZAGHI (1925): e , = 9 0 ' Ce log (p o + ~
Po
g 5
N
10
-
:x:
Ia..
w 50
0
...J
100
«
ii
:::>
!Xl
b
VOIO RATIO, e
/
·TERZAGHI·
TYPE"
CURVE
"ATHY·TYPE" CURVE
e- Pz
z in (m),
ß = 5 In 15 x 10 . 0
0.7
0.6 .D85
0.9
POROSIT Y, n
655
Ce=COEFFICIENT OF COMPRESSIBIUTY (DEPENDS ON MATERIAL AND USE OF leg GA In)
Po= INITIAL, EFFECTIVE VERTICAL STRESS
:x:
Ia..
W
o
...J
«
ii
:::>
!Xl
C
POROSITY , n
I
J.
0:. '= 0 .004; ß = 0 .8
I I~ 0: , = 0.001 ; ß = 0. 8
I
I
,r , --, -i---- IX . 1::1 0.004; () = 0.4
:
I
,
I
:
I
:
BEAUDOIN-ET -AL. (1985)
:
MAILLART. (1989)
: I •
-OI. Z P
: I nz · n/+(no-nrl · e
: I
: I
, :,'
IX., ß = EMPIRICAL
CONSTANTS
: '
I ,
Fig. 13.5. Approximations to describe the porositydepth relationship of fine-grained sediments. a Void
ratio versus logarithm of effective vertical stress after
Terzaghi; C 1P ' low plasticity, normally consolidated
clay; Chp, high plasticity clay; Che, highly colloidal
clay (after Skempton 1970) and young diatomaceous
oozes. (AFter Einsele 1982a, simplified). b Comparison of Athy-type and Terzaghl-type curves using
logarithmic scales for depth and porosity, but linear
scale for void ratio. Note the field of good agreement
d
0.,O ....... T1 0 p;. ;..3 'rrm-......,....,....;;r-.....-';;;.,......,.._..., 0.9
,0.3
N
:x: 3
Ia..
~ 10
~ 30
ii
ffi lOO
300
I
/
/
NORMALLY
CONSOLIDATED
SHALES
Z = Zmax (l.n)OI.
(CI(. m 6. 35)
I
" -SANDSTONES
"
(SCLAT ER - CHRISTIE
J
198 0)
I
Z ma x = 6.0 2 km
between both curves. (After Wetze! 1986). c Porosity-depth curves between fixed upper and lower
limits, n c and n., respectively. Shape of curve is controlled by empirical constants, a and ß (absolute values depend on dimension of z). (After Maillart
1989). d Porosity-depth curve in log-log diagram
according to a power-law equation. (Baldwin and
Butler 1985, solidity replaced by porosity). See text
for further explanation
a
VOIO RATIO, e
0.00' °
1 2 3
"
5 6 7
9
H
-
a
"'=
a..
C~p-E
J:ChP
~
Si'
CD
0•
ChCY
W,O.OI
--- ' , ~
a:
e .§
:::>
(J)
(J)
w
a:
a.. 0.1
Z
DIATOM.
W
OOZE
0
(GULF OF
a:
:::>
CAUFORNIA)
!Xl
a: 1
w
> 0 2
w
> 5
i=
ü
w
0.30.5 0.7
0.8
0.85
0.9
u. u.
POROSITY , n
w
TERZAGHI (1925): e , = 9 0 ' Ce log (p o + ~
Po
g 5
N
10
-
:x:
Ia..
w 50
0
...J
100
«
ii
:::>
!Xl
b
VOIO RATIO, e
/
·TERZAGHI·
TYPE"
CURVE
"ATHY·TYPE" CURVE
e- Pz
z in (m),
ß = 5 In 15 x 10 . 0
0.7
0.6 .D85
0.9
POROSIT Y, n
655
Ce=COEFFICIENT OF COMPRESSIBIUTY (DEPENDS ON MATERIAL AND USE OF leg GA In)
Po= INITIAL, EFFECTIVE VERTICAL STRESS
:x:
Ia..
W
o
...J
«
ii
:::>
!Xl
C
POROSITY , n
I
J.
0:. '= 0 .004; ß = 0 .8
I I~ 0: , = 0.001 ; ß = 0. 8
I
I
,r , --, -i---- IX . 1::1 0.004; () = 0.4
:
I
,
I
:
I
:
BEAUDOIN-ET -AL. (1985)
:
MAILLART. (1989)
: I •
-OI. Z P
: I nz · n/+(no-nrl · e
: I
: I
, :,'
IX., ß = EMPIRICAL
CONSTANTS
: '
I ,
Fig. 13.5. Approximations to describe the porositydepth relationship of fine-grained sediments. a Void
ratio versus logarithm of effective vertical stress after
Terzaghi; C 1P ' low plasticity, normally consolidated
clay; Chp, high plasticity clay; Che, highly colloidal
clay (after Skempton 1970) and young diatomaceous
oozes. (AFter Einsele 1982a, simplified). b Comparison of Athy-type and Terzaghl-type curves using
logarithmic scales for depth and porosity, but linear
scale for void ratio. Note the field of good agreement
d
0.,O ....... T1 0 p;. ;..3 'rrm-......,....,....;;r-.....-';;;.,......,.._..., 0.9
,0.3
N
:x: 3
Ia..
~ 10
~ 30
ii
ffi lOO
300
I
/
/
NORMALLY
CONSOLIDATED
SHALES
Z = Zmax (l.n)OI.
(CI(. m 6. 35)
I
" -SANDSTONES
"
(SCLAT ER - CHRISTIE
J
198 0)
I
Z ma x = 6.0 2 km
between both curves. (After Wetze! 1986). c Porosity-depth curves between fixed upper and lower
limits, n c and n., respectively. Shape of curve is controlled by empirical constants, a and ß (absolute values depend on dimension of z). (After Maillart
1989). d Porosity-depth curve in log-log diagram
according to a power-law equation. (Baldwin and
Butler 1985, solidity replaced by porosity). See text
for further explanation