568
a
b(2)
o
200
400
m
Chapter 12 Basin Evolution and Sediments
BASALT
NANNO-F OSSIL
+ SOME SAPROPEL
AND VOLC. ASH
GYPSUM
AND MARL, DOLOM.
MARINE . SANDS"
CONGLOMERATE
CALC. MUD
MARLY
NANNOFOSSIL
__ OOZE
~ - "-- +SAPROPELS
.c:-_~
C_OßI'!A~.!:I~ .!~RB~~E ____ ··1 ~A'y~Q _B~§.I~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0
CENTRAL656
65~
-oE - - THIN ,. SUBSIDED CONT. CRUST - - -*-oC. CRUST- ~
~",VRRHENIAN SEA, MEDITERRANEAN
1.3 Ma - REGENT
2
4
km
CALABRIA
o
2
4
L-________ ~~~~~~~======~--~~~~~~~~~~~km
SARDINIA
CALABRIA
b (1) 1<+:.
tföiJ1F ~~
km
QUAT. SED. METAMORPHIC·CRYSTALLINE
BASEMENT
> B Ma B. P.
SLOPE SEDIMENTATION
SHELF AND SLOPE SUBJECT TO SEA LEVEL
CHANGES (EROSION AL UNCONFORMITIES)
c
SLOPE AND BASIN FLOOR FANS
COARSE CLASTICS
I
SLOW, RAPID
SLOPE PROGRADATION
1
EROSION CAUSED BY
CONTOUR CURRENTS
I
L SEA LEVEL CHANGES J
~ -- -
NEGLECTED --"?j
Fig. 12.14. a Cross section of young, sedimentstarved 'passive continental margin off Sardinia in the
Tyrrheman Sea, western Mediterranean, with some
drilling results. (After Kasten, Mascle, et al. 1988).
b Sections similar to (a) displaying two stages of
basin evolution and several magrnatic episodes. (After Savelli 1988). c Theoretical model demonstrating
principal types of outbuilding and upbuilding of
slope sediments: 1 Mainly vertical aggradation with
stratal onlap behind "darn" ; 2 rapid slope
'progradation due to high sediment influx including
mfillings of slope channels and coarser grained redeposited material on lower slope; 3 slow slope
progradation; 4 current-eroded and oversteepened
slope with gravity rnass flows and contourites; 5
prograding slope affected by sea level changes (cf.
Chap. 7.4). Note that several phenomena may be superimposed. (Based on von Rad and Wissmarm
1982; Sheridan 1981; Pickering et al. 1989; Vail et
al. 1990)
a
b(2)
o
200
400
m
Chapter 12 Basin Evolution and Sediments
BASALT
NANNO-F OSSIL
+ SOME SAPROPEL
AND VOLC. ASH
GYPSUM
AND MARL, DOLOM.
MARINE . SANDS"
CONGLOMERATE
CALC. MUD
MARLY
NANNOFOSSIL
__ OOZE
~ - "-- +SAPROPELS
.c:-_~
C_OßI'!A~.!:I~ .!~RB~~E ____ ··1 ~A'y~Q _B~§.I~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0
CENTRAL656
65~
-oE - - THIN ,. SUBSIDED CONT. CRUST - - -*-oC. CRUST- ~
~",VRRHENIAN SEA, MEDITERRANEAN
1.3 Ma - REGENT
2
4
km
CALABRIA
o
2
4
L-________ ~~~~~~~======~--~~~~~~~~~~~km
SARDINIA
CALABRIA
b (1) 1<+:.
tföiJ1F ~~
km
QUAT. SED. METAMORPHIC·CRYSTALLINE
BASEMENT
> B Ma B. P.
SLOPE SEDIMENTATION
SHELF AND SLOPE SUBJECT TO SEA LEVEL
CHANGES (EROSION AL UNCONFORMITIES)
c
SLOPE AND BASIN FLOOR FANS
COARSE CLASTICS
I
SLOW, RAPID
SLOPE PROGRADATION
1
EROSION CAUSED BY
CONTOUR CURRENTS
I
L SEA LEVEL CHANGES J
~ -- -
NEGLECTED --"?j
Fig. 12.14. a Cross section of young, sedimentstarved 'passive continental margin off Sardinia in the
Tyrrheman Sea, western Mediterranean, with some
drilling results. (After Kasten, Mascle, et al. 1988).
b Sections similar to (a) displaying two stages of
basin evolution and several magrnatic episodes. (After Savelli 1988). c Theoretical model demonstrating
principal types of outbuilding and upbuilding of
slope sediments: 1 Mainly vertical aggradation with
stratal onlap behind "darn" ; 2 rapid slope
'progradation due to high sediment influx including
mfillings of slope channels and coarser grained redeposited material on lower slope; 3 slow slope
progradation; 4 current-eroded and oversteepened
slope with gravity rnass flows and contourites; 5
prograding slope affected by sea level changes (cf.
Chap. 7.4). Note that several phenomena may be superimposed. (Based on von Rad and Wissmarm
1982; Sheridan 1981; Pickering et al. 1989; Vail et
al. 1990)