11.4 Chemical Sediments (Evaporites)
P = PRECIPITATION
E = EVAPORATION
QIN = INFLOW
1
'bw =TO GROUNO (1) VE=O. 1 ~ E
HYDROlOGICAl MODELS
WATER
~ P
- - - - - -1- - - - - -SOlUTEINPUT
64
'I
L. QINGHAI. TIBET (300 ka, 25 % 01 Na and CI lost by leakage)
200
ro
~
E
E 100
.r.
rr. u
(f)
0
0
55.2
41
KCI
NaCI
AUTHIGENIC
- N~S04
::~~ N~C03 / ' MINERAlS _________
MgC0 3
SOlUTES ENRICHED
IN LAKE WATER
/
0.3 ,Na
' CI
3.0
t:=:"::3O Na CI
SALINITY (g/kg)
~--------~----~~---r400
90
SYLVITE
HAllTE
MIRABILITE
GAYLUSSITE
CALCITE AND
MAGNESITE
(DOLOMITE)
i80
270
0
90
180
270
Cl
~
Cl
200 >
t:
z
::J
(/)
TIME (ka)
L. TURKANA, EAST AFRICAN RIFT
(100 ka, 75 % of Na and CI lost by leakage)
515
lmilmm~ S~: ~. 76
AUTHIGENIC MINERALS
/ " '
~13.6
SOlUTES ENRICHED
IN LAKE WATER
","i' i"I"I' -f-I I 1 11 HCCL = 31 9
, I I 11
"3
.
,111 1 FROM
,11'1 ATMO·
1 11 I I SPHERE
11 11 ' :
1 II11 1 -
I1 1I1 ~ ~ 200
1
Na
~CI
SOLUTE ~
INPUT
~.r. 100 '11111111~i
I ~t 0 J
x10 16 g
0
20
40
60
80
100
(= 10'0 metric tons)
o
20
40
\
Na
~CI
~S04
HC~
o
60
80
100
TIME (ka)