2.1 Glacial Deposits
21
a
ESKER
RETREATING GLACIER
RETREATING
GLACIER
ICE-CONTACT LAKE
OEFORMED
LODGEMENT
TILL
END MORAINE
OUTWASH PLAIN
LOESS
TUNNEL VALLEY
C
b
TlLL SUCCESSION
INTERNAL STRUCTURE
OF PUSH RIDGE
e
OSCILLATING IGE-MARGIN
E
o
N
N
FLOWED TILL
(partially inversed
grading, irregular
base)
WASHOUT
(deformed)
MELTOUT -TILL
F"E~~ '~~'E ' .~~~ _ p.~ CHANNEL FILL
LODGEMENT
TILL
e;:, ____ 0 .
.Q...S-o-~<=>
<::>
shear planes
GLACITECTO·
NIZED OR
ABRADED
BEOt\OCK
I E
o
N
N
1
d
gravel
fine graind till
sand
lill
f
till
glacio·
fluvial
frozen
block
-~l 1-"
bedKAME DEPOSITS
(deformed)
GLACIOFLUVIAL
VERTICAL SUCCESSION
Frn
,oam
. . ~ ~ ~
rock
ice wedge
Fig. 2.1. a Landforms and deposits of continental ice
sheets. 1,2,3, succession of three glacial periods altemating with warmer interglacial or interstadial
times allowing the growth of vegetation and the formation of soil. Note that older glacial deposits and
interglacial soils are only rartially preserved. b Typical sections in continenta glacial deposits including
periglacial pattemed ground and ice wedges. c-g See
text. (Based on several sources, e.g., Wagenbreth and
Steiner 1982; Eyles 1984; Edwards 1986)