XXII
Contents
4
Coastal and Marine Protected Areas:
Nature's Refuge from Large-Scale Constructions ..................... 25
4.1 Introduction....................................................... 25
4.2 The Case of Europipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25
4.3 National Obligations ................................................ 26
4.4 International Obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.5 The Ethical Argument: Respect for Nature .............................. 29
4.6 Conclusion ........................................................ 30
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31
Part II Environmental Policy ...................................... 33
5
Towards Developing Guidelines for Assessment, Design
and Operation of Estuarine Barrages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35
5.1 Introduction....................................................... 35
5.2 Definitions and Purposes of Barrages and Barriers ...................... 36
5.3 The Research Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 38
5-4 The Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5-4-1 Fisheries, Nature and Conservation ............................. 40
5-4-2 Hydrodynamics.............................................. 41
5-4-3 Morphology................................................. 42
5-4-4 Flooding.................................................... 43
5-4-5 Groundwater ................................................ 44
5-4-6 Water Quality ................................................ 45
5-4-7 Waves ...................................................... 46
5-4-8 Navigation.................... . ............................ 46
5-4-9 Structural Engineering Concepts ............................... 47
5-4-10 Water-Related Risk ........................................... 48
5.5 Environmental Policy ............................................... 49
5.5-1 Environmental Assessment and Environmental Statement .......... 49
5.5.2 Environment Agency and Licences, Consents and Approvals ........ 50
5.5.3 Planning Policy Guidance and Other Legislative Instruments
51
5.5-4 The Habitats Directive ........................................ 52
5.5.5 Recreation and the Amenity Plan ............................... 52
5·6 Conclusion........................................................ 53
Bibliography and References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
6
Building Bridges to Science:
Making Coastal Science Better Understood .......................... 55
6.1 Introduction....................................................... 55
6.2 Development, Science and Public Understanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 55
6.3 Constraints on Public Understanding of Coastal Science. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
6.4 Making Coastal Science Better Understood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
6.5 Accessing the Inaccessible ........................................... 59
6.6 Providing the "Public Window to the Marine Environment" ............... 60