Contents
Part I Environmental Ethics ........................................ 1
1 The Tower of Babel was a Coastal Edifice . ......................... ' .... 3
1.1
Taking Nature into Account. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2 A Drastic Increase in Productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 New Policy Indicators Measure Welfare .................................. 5
1.4 Concentration and Separation of Spatial Functions ....................... 5
1.5 Explicit Management/Conservation and Development of National Parks ..... 5
1.6 Material Flow Chains are Closed Where this is
Environmentally Most Effective ........................................ 6
1.7 Use of Energy-Extensive and Non-Toxic Materials
in the Construction Industry .......................................... 6
1.8 Environmental Planning as an Instrument to Minimise Transport ........... 6
1.9 Minimal Dependence on Fossil Energy in Transport ...................... 6
1.10 Minimising the Transport of Goods ..................................... 6
1.11 Final Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2
Philosophy and Man's Responsibility for Nature ....................... 9
2.1 Introduction ........................................................ 9
2.2 Modern Science and Modern Philosophy .......... .' .................... 10
2.3 Philosophy's Responsibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11
2.4 Nature Politics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13
References ............................................................. 14
3 On Moral Failures in Dealing with Environmental Issues:
The Europipe Experience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15
3.1 Introduction ....................................................... 15
3.2 Moral Failures in the Europipe Conflict ................................ 16
302.1 Original Moral Failure of Politics ............................... 16
3.2.2 Moral Failure of the Pipeline Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17
3.2.3 Moral Failure of the Environmentalists .......................... 17
302.4 Second Moral Failure of Politics ................................ 19
302.5 Moral Failure of Local Communities ............................ 20
302.6 Moral Failure of the Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20
3.2.7 Moral Failure of Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20
3.3 Discussion and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
References ............................................................. 22
Part I Environmental Ethics ........................................ 1
1 The Tower of Babel was a Coastal Edifice . ......................... ' .... 3
1.1
Taking Nature into Account. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2 A Drastic Increase in Productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 New Policy Indicators Measure Welfare .................................. 5
1.4 Concentration and Separation of Spatial Functions ....................... 5
1.5 Explicit Management/Conservation and Development of National Parks ..... 5
1.6 Material Flow Chains are Closed Where this is
Environmentally Most Effective ........................................ 6
1.7 Use of Energy-Extensive and Non-Toxic Materials
in the Construction Industry .......................................... 6
1.8 Environmental Planning as an Instrument to Minimise Transport ........... 6
1.9 Minimal Dependence on Fossil Energy in Transport ...................... 6
1.10 Minimising the Transport of Goods ..................................... 6
1.11 Final Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2
Philosophy and Man's Responsibility for Nature ....................... 9
2.1 Introduction ........................................................ 9
2.2 Modern Science and Modern Philosophy .......... .' .................... 10
2.3 Philosophy's Responsibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11
2.4 Nature Politics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13
References ............................................................. 14
3 On Moral Failures in Dealing with Environmental Issues:
The Europipe Experience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15
3.1 Introduction ....................................................... 15
3.2 Moral Failures in the Europipe Conflict ................................ 16
302.1 Original Moral Failure of Politics ............................... 16
3.2.2 Moral Failure of the Pipeline Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17
3.2.3 Moral Failure of the Environmentalists .......................... 17
302.4 Second Moral Failure of Politics ................................ 19
302.5 Moral Failure of Local Communities ............................ 20
302.6 Moral Failure of the Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20
3.2.7 Moral Failure of Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20
3.3 Discussion and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
References ............................................................. 22