62
Y. Fouquet and B. Martel-Jantin
Minimum and maximum concentrations
Nodules
Crusts
Sulphides
Major elements
Zinc
ppm
512–1400
532–654
%
0.06–37
Copper
ppm
292–10200
729–11079
%
0–23
Iron
%
7–23
13–19
%
0.7–43
Sulphur
%
0.1–0.3
?
%
0–47
Manganese
%
7–26
13–23
%
0–3
Barium
ppm
1190–4185
1218–1257
%
0–34
Silicon
%
3–11
2–4
%
0.1–33
Titanium
%
0.5–1.3
0.8–1.3
%
?
Lead
ppm
450–1957
722–1721
ppm
30–142700
Phosphorus
%
0.1–1.8
0.4–2.4
%
?
Minor elements
Nickel
ppm
2600–12800 2317–4389
ppm
1–915
Cerium
ppm
1–1684
547–752
ppm
?
Yttrium
ppm
131–267
193–218
ppm
?
Vanadium
ppm
470–865
495–682
ppm
?
Zirconium
ppm
70–802
397–630
ppm
?
Cadmium
ppm
3–12
< 15
ppm
3–950
Germanium
ppm
?
?
ppm
1–226
Silver
ppm
0–1
< 10
ppm
3–2100
Arsenic
ppm
158–1141
206–300
ppm
11–30000
Indium
ppm
< 0.5
< 7
ppm
1–204
Antimony
ppm
24–63
58–59
ppm
1–1005
Molybdenum
ppm
238–737
238–395
ppm
1–399
Cobalt
ppm
2400–8054
4326–11370
ppm
1–4931
Thallium
ppm
12–189
124–167
ppm
(2–43)?
Tellurium
ppm
3–216
?
ppm
(0–4)?
Selenium
ppm
0–52
< 15
ppm
1–505
Tin
ppm
?
?
ppm
0–216
Mercury
ppm
0–360
?
ppm
2–274
Gold
ppm
?
?
ppm
0.05–20
Trace elements
Chromium
ppm
9–180
12–26
ppm
?
Lithium
ppm
2–160
?
ppm
?
Beryllium
ppm
3–8
?
ppm
?
Boron
ppm
14–273
?
ppm
?
Scandium
ppm
5–19
7–14
ppm
?
Bismuth
ppm
6–53
12
ppm
0–63
Bromine
ppm
0–52
?
ppm
?
Hafnium
ppm
5–54
?
ppm
?
Tungsten
ppm
15–150
15–15
ppm
?
Uranium
ppm
7–16
9–12
ppm
0–8
Niobium
ppm
34–74
67–105
ppm
?
Fluorine
ppm
0–0
1–1
ppm
?
Caesium
ppm
2–157
?
ppm
?
Table 3.1  Concentrations of major and trace metals in the three main types of ocean deposits
(Source: BRGM/Ifremer)