143
Annual production Source:
USGS
Tension indicator Europe
2030
Recyclability Substitutability Reserves
Gallium
106 t (2010)
4
Yes
Yes for certain
applications
?
Germanium 120 t (2010)
2.2
Yes (30 %)
Undocumented ?
Indium
574 t (2010)
3.3
Low
Yes for certain
applications
?
Antimony
135,000 t (2010) 0.01
Low
Low
1,800,000 t
PGMs
Ru, Rh, Pd,
Re, Os,
Ir, Pt
Pt: 178 t (2009)
Pd: 195 t
(2009)
1.3
Yes (60 t in
2009)
Yes between
PGMs
71,000 t
Magnesium 5 Mt (2009)
–
Limited
Undocumented 2,300 Mt
Graphite
1.1 Mt (2010)
–
Possible
71 Mt
Tantalum
670 t (2010)
1
Low
Potential
110,000 t
Beryllium
190 t (2010)
–
Low
Low
?
Fluorine
5.4 Mt
–
Low
Low
230 Mt
Niobium
63,000 t (2010) 0.03
Yes (20 %)
2.9 Mt
Rare earths
La, Ce, Pr,
Nd, Pm,
Sm, Eu,
Gd, Tb,
Dy, Ho, Er,
Tm, Yb,
Lu
130,000 t (2010) 1.7
Low
Yes but
decreased
performance
110 Mt
Yttrium
8900 t (2010)
Low
Low
540,000 t
Tungsten
61,000 t (2010) 1
Yes
Low
2.9 Mt
Silver
22,200 t (2010) 0.8
Yes (1600 t in
2010)
Yes
510,000 t
Cobalt
88,000 t (2010) 0.4
Yes (24 % in
2010)
Limited
7.3 Mt
Zinc
12 Mt (2010)
-
Yes
Yes
250 Mt
Copper
16.2 Mt (2010) 0.2
Yes
Yes
630 Mt
Nickel
1.5 Mt (2010)
land-based
reserves 76 Mt
–
Yes
Moderate
76 Mt
Gold
2500 t (2010)
–
Yes
Yes
51,000 t
Titanium
6.3 Mt (2010)
0.3
No
No
690 Mt
Manganese
13 Mt (2010)
–
Low
No
630 Mt
Thallium
10 t (2010)
–
No
Low
380 t
Vanadium
56,000 t (2010) –
Low
Yes
13.6 Mt
Lithium
25,300 t (2010) –
Low
Yes
13 Mt
Tellurium
unavailable
> 125 t (2010)
–
No
Yes
22,000 t
Selenium
2260 t (2010)
–
No
Yes
88,000 t
NB: several critical elements are directly related to concentrations of base metals
such as copper and zinc.
Appendices