FORECASTING DRIFT
523
Finally, the interaction of forecast providers with the people responsible for taking emergency action in the field needs to be maintained and
enhanced. The task for drift forecast services is helping the response
teams to use the forecasts and use them intelligently. This means making forecast products that are quickly understandable in a crisis situation; it also means attacking the difficult problem of estimating forecast
accuracy. Education of response teams needs to be complemented by
feedback from regular field exercises and post-crisis assessments.
References
Allen, A. A. (1999). Leeway divergence. Technical Report CG-D-XX-99, US Coast
Guard Research and Development Center, Groton, CT, USA.
Allen, A. A. and Plourde, J. V. (1999). Review of leeway: Field experiments and
implementation. Technical Report CG-D-08-99, US Coast Guard Research and
Development Center, Groton, CT, USA.
Berloff, P. S. and McWilliams, J. C. (2002). MaterialTransport in OceanicGyres. Part
11: Hierarchy of Stochastic Models. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32(March):797-830.
Daling, P. S., Moldestad, M. @., Johansen, @., Lewis, A., and R ~ d a l ,
J. (2003). Norwegian testing of emulsion properties at sea - the importance of oil type and release
conditions. Spill Science €4 Technology Bulletin, 8(2):123-136.
Griffa, A. (1996). Applications of stochastic particle models to oceanographic problems. In Adler, R, Muller, P, and Rozovskii, B, editors, Stochastic Modelling in
Physical Oceanography, pages 113-128. Birkhauser, Boston.
Grue, J. and Biberg, D. (1993). Wave forces on marine structures with small speed
in water of restricted depth. Applied Ocean Research, 15:121-135.
Hodgins, D. 0. and Hodgins, S. L. M. (1998). Phase I1 leeway dynamics program: development and verification of a mathematical drift model for liferafts and small boats.
Technical Report Project 5741, Canadian Coast Guard, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Johansen, (a. (1998). Subsea blowout model for deep waters. SINTEF Report STF66
F98105, SINTEF Applied Chemistry, Trondheim, Norway.
Press, W.H., Flannery, B.P., Teukolsky, S.A., and Vetterling, W.T. (1993). Numerical
Recipes in C. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Reed, M., Johansen, 0., Brandvik, P. J., Daling, P. S., Lewii, A., Fiocco, R., Mackay, D.,
and Prentki, R. (1999). Oil spill modeling towards the close of the 20th century:
overview of the state of the art. Spill Science €4 Technology Bulletin, 5(1):3-16.
Sorgkd, E. and Vada, T. (1998). Observations and modelling of drifting ships. DNV
Technical Report 96-2011, Det norske Veritas, H~vik, Norway.
Wettre, C., Johansen, 0., and Skognes, K. (2001). Development of a 3-dimensional
oild drift model at dnmi. Research Report 133, Norwegian Meteorological Institute,
Oslo, Norway. 50 pp.
523
Finally, the interaction of forecast providers with the people responsible for taking emergency action in the field needs to be maintained and
enhanced. The task for drift forecast services is helping the response
teams to use the forecasts and use them intelligently. This means making forecast products that are quickly understandable in a crisis situation; it also means attacking the difficult problem of estimating forecast
accuracy. Education of response teams needs to be complemented by
feedback from regular field exercises and post-crisis assessments.
References
Allen, A. A. (1999). Leeway divergence. Technical Report CG-D-XX-99, US Coast
Guard Research and Development Center, Groton, CT, USA.
Allen, A. A. and Plourde, J. V. (1999). Review of leeway: Field experiments and
implementation. Technical Report CG-D-08-99, US Coast Guard Research and
Development Center, Groton, CT, USA.
Berloff, P. S. and McWilliams, J. C. (2002). MaterialTransport in OceanicGyres. Part
11: Hierarchy of Stochastic Models. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32(March):797-830.
Daling, P. S., Moldestad, M. @., Johansen, @., Lewis, A., and R ~ d a l ,
J. (2003). Norwegian testing of emulsion properties at sea - the importance of oil type and release
conditions. Spill Science €4 Technology Bulletin, 8(2):123-136.
Griffa, A. (1996). Applications of stochastic particle models to oceanographic problems. In Adler, R, Muller, P, and Rozovskii, B, editors, Stochastic Modelling in
Physical Oceanography, pages 113-128. Birkhauser, Boston.
Grue, J. and Biberg, D. (1993). Wave forces on marine structures with small speed
in water of restricted depth. Applied Ocean Research, 15:121-135.
Hodgins, D. 0. and Hodgins, S. L. M. (1998). Phase I1 leeway dynamics program: development and verification of a mathematical drift model for liferafts and small boats.
Technical Report Project 5741, Canadian Coast Guard, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Johansen, (a. (1998). Subsea blowout model for deep waters. SINTEF Report STF66
F98105, SINTEF Applied Chemistry, Trondheim, Norway.
Press, W.H., Flannery, B.P., Teukolsky, S.A., and Vetterling, W.T. (1993). Numerical
Recipes in C. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Reed, M., Johansen, 0., Brandvik, P. J., Daling, P. S., Lewii, A., Fiocco, R., Mackay, D.,
and Prentki, R. (1999). Oil spill modeling towards the close of the 20th century:
overview of the state of the art. Spill Science €4 Technology Bulletin, 5(1):3-16.
Sorgkd, E. and Vada, T. (1998). Observations and modelling of drifting ships. DNV
Technical Report 96-2011, Det norske Veritas, H~vik, Norway.
Wettre, C., Johansen, 0., and Skognes, K. (2001). Development of a 3-dimensional
oild drift model at dnmi. Research Report 133, Norwegian Meteorological Institute,
Oslo, Norway. 50 pp.