Index
A
Abyssal circulation, 146–155, 171
Advection, 2, 22, 35–39, 41, 44, 66, 74–75,
88–89, 91, 109, 126, 128, 130, 149,
167, 169
Ageostrophic flow, 108
Approximation
beta-plane, 98, 149, 156, 158, 162
Boussinesq, 2, 44, 49
equatorial beta-plane, 156, 158, 162
hydrostatic, 3–4, 24
rigid-lid, 43, 55, 62, 66, 69, 75, 79, 131,
143, 149
Arakawa C-grid, 23–24, 28, 92, 101–102,
127–128, 168
Aspect ratio, 59, 65, 70, 78
B
Balance
geostrophic, 97–99, 123
hydrostatic, 97–98, 125, 167–168
Sverdrup, 99, 122
Baroclinic compensation, 111, 118, 122
Baroclinic flow, 3, 95
Barotropic flow, 3, 95, 136
Bernoulli equation, 41
Bottom friction
linear, 80–81
quadratic, 62–63, 107, 114, 132
Boundary conditions
cyclic, 51, 61, 163
full-slip, 114
no-slip, 135–136, 140, 143, 149
radiation, 169–170
zero-gradient, 32, 34, 39, 90, 102, 113,
119, 131, 135–136, 142, 168–169
Boundary-layer equations, 11–13, 18
Brackish water, 83, 92
Brownian motion, 58, 72
Brunt-V¨ ais¨ al¨ a frequency, 4
Buoyancy flux, 58, 60, 66–67
Buoyancy shutdown, 111, 173
Buoyant-slope effect, 80
C
CFL stability condition
for advection, 38
for wave propagation, 32–33, 35
Coastal downwelling, 113
Coastal upwelling, 110–118, 125,
143–145, 162
Coefficient
bottom-drag, 62, 69, 80–81
saline contraction, 58
thermal expansion, 58, 61, 73, 75
wind-drag, 11, 143
Concentration basin, 138–139
Conservation
of density, 125, 127
of energy, 41, 49
of momentum, 1–3, 9–10, 22, 24, 27–28,
36, 55, 62, 91, 97, 101, 125–126,
128–129
of potential vorticity, 99–100
of volume, 24, 57, 70, 104, 126, 147,
158, 168
Continuity equation, 2–3, 23, 28, 36, 91, 94,
103, 125–128
Control volume, 37–38, 128–129
Convection, 57–75, 78, 95, 146
Convective entrainment, 65–66
Convective mixed-layer deepening, 59–60
Coordinates
Cartesian, 1–2, 97, 99, 127, 152
Sigma, 103
tilted Cartesian, 79–81
179
A
Abyssal circulation, 146–155, 171
Advection, 2, 22, 35–39, 41, 44, 66, 74–75,
88–89, 91, 109, 126, 128, 130, 149,
167, 169
Ageostrophic flow, 108
Approximation
beta-plane, 98, 149, 156, 158, 162
Boussinesq, 2, 44, 49
equatorial beta-plane, 156, 158, 162
hydrostatic, 3–4, 24
rigid-lid, 43, 55, 62, 66, 69, 75, 79, 131,
143, 149
Arakawa C-grid, 23–24, 28, 92, 101–102,
127–128, 168
Aspect ratio, 59, 65, 70, 78
B
Balance
geostrophic, 97–99, 123
hydrostatic, 97–98, 125, 167–168
Sverdrup, 99, 122
Baroclinic compensation, 111, 118, 122
Baroclinic flow, 3, 95
Barotropic flow, 3, 95, 136
Bernoulli equation, 41
Bottom friction
linear, 80–81
quadratic, 62–63, 107, 114, 132
Boundary conditions
cyclic, 51, 61, 163
full-slip, 114
no-slip, 135–136, 140, 143, 149
radiation, 169–170
zero-gradient, 32, 34, 39, 90, 102, 113,
119, 131, 135–136, 142, 168–169
Boundary-layer equations, 11–13, 18
Brackish water, 83, 92
Brownian motion, 58, 72
Brunt-V¨ ais¨ al¨ a frequency, 4
Buoyancy flux, 58, 60, 66–67
Buoyancy shutdown, 111, 173
Buoyant-slope effect, 80
C
CFL stability condition
for advection, 38
for wave propagation, 32–33, 35
Coastal downwelling, 113
Coastal upwelling, 110–118, 125,
143–145, 162
Coefficient
bottom-drag, 62, 69, 80–81
saline contraction, 58
thermal expansion, 58, 61, 73, 75
wind-drag, 11, 143
Concentration basin, 138–139
Conservation
of density, 125, 127
of energy, 41, 49
of momentum, 1–3, 9–10, 22, 24, 27–28,
36, 55, 62, 91, 97, 101, 125–126,
128–129
of potential vorticity, 99–100
of volume, 24, 57, 70, 104, 126, 147,
158, 168
Continuity equation, 2–3, 23, 28, 36, 91, 94,
103, 125–128
Control volume, 37–38, 128–129
Convection, 57–75, 78, 95, 146
Convective entrainment, 65–66
Convective mixed-layer deepening, 59–60
Coordinates
Cartesian, 1–2, 97, 99, 127, 152
Sigma, 103
tilted Cartesian, 79–81
179