References
Allerton SR, Searle RC, Burton B (1996) Bathymetric segmentation and faulting on the MidAtlantic Ridge, 24°00
0 N to 24°40
0 N: In tectonic magmatic, hydrothermal and Biological
segmentation of Mid Ocean Ridges. In:MacLeod CJ, Tyler TA, Walker CL (eds) Geological
Society Special Publication, London 118:29–48
Aumento F, Loubat M (1971) The Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 45°N: serpentinized ultramafic
intrusions. Can J Earth Scie 8:633–663
Auzende J-M, Cornen G, Juteau T, Lagabrielle Y, Lensch G, Mevel C, Nicolas A, Prichard H,
Ribeiro A, Vanney JR (group CYAGOR 11) (1982) The Gorringe Bank: first results of
submersible expedition. CYAGOR 11, Terra Cognita 2:123–130
Auzende J-M, Bideau D, Bonatti E, Cannat M, Honnorez J, Lagabrielle Y, Malavieille J,
Mamaloukas-Frangoulis V, Mevel C (1989) Direct observation of a section through slowspreading oceanic crust. Nature 337:726–729
Batiza R, Niu Y, Karsten JL, Boger W, Potts E, Norby L, Butler R (1996) Steady and non-steady
state magma chambers below the East Pacific Rise. Geophys Res Lett 23(3):221–224
Bazylev BA, Silantiev SA (2000) Geodynamic interpretation of the subsolidus recrystallization of
mantle spinel peridotite 1. Mid-ocean ridges. Petrology 8(3) 2:91–213
Bideau D, Hekinian R (1995) A dynamic model for generating small-scale heterogeneities in
ocean floor basalt. Jour Geophys Res 100:10141–10162
Blackman DK, Cann JR, Janssen B, Smith DK (1998) Origin of extensional core complexes:
evidence from the MAR at Atlantis fracture zone. J Geophys Res 103:21315–21334
Blackman DK, Karson JA, Kelley DS, Cann JR, Früh-Green GL, Gee JS, Hurst SD, John BE,
Morgan J, Nooner SL, Ross DK, Schroeder TJ, Williams EA (2004) Geology of the Atlantis
Massif (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 30°N): implications for the evolution of an ultramafic oceanic
core complex. Mar Geophys Res 23(5–6):443–469
Bonatti E (1976) Serpentinized protrusions in the oceanic crust. Earth Planet Sci Lett 32:107–113
Bonatti E, Clocchiatti E, Bonatti R, Clocchiatti P, Colantoni R, Gelmini G, Marinelli G, Ottonello
R, Santacroce M, Taviani AA, Abdel-Meguid HS, Assaf, El Tahi MA (1983) Zabargad (St.
John’s) Island: an uplifted fragment of sub-Red Sea lithosphere. J Geol Soc 140(4):677–690
Bonatti E, Ligi M, Brunetti D, Cipriani A, Fabretti P, Vlentina Ferrante V, Gasparini L, Ottolini L
(2003) Mantle thermal pulses below the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and temporal variations in the
formation of oceanic lithosphere. Nature 423:499–505
Boillot G, Giradeau S, Kornpobst J (1988) The rifting of galicia margin: crustal thinning and
emplacement of mantle rocks on the sea floor. Proc Ocean Drill Program Sci Results
103:741–756
Boillot G, Besler MO, Krawczyk CM, Rappin D, Reston TJ (1995) The formation of passive
margins: constraints from the crustal structure and segmentation of the deep galicia margin
(Spain). Geol Soc Spec publ N°90:71–91
Cannat M, Casey JF (1995) An ultramafic lift at the Mid-Atlantic ridge: successive stages of
magmatism in serpentinized peridotites from the 15°N region. In: Vissers RLM, Nicholas A
(Eds) Mantle and lower crust exposed in oceanic ridges and ophiolites, Kluwer Academic
Publications, p 5–34
Charpentier S, Kornprobst J, Chazot G, Cornen G, Boillot G (1998) Interaction entre lithosphère
et asthénosphère au cours de l’ouverture océanique: données isotopiques préliminaires sur la
marge passive de Galice (Atlantique-Nord). Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des sciences,
Sciences de la Terre et des Planètes 326:757–762
Chatelineua M, Niva D (1985) A chlorite solution geothermometer. The loz azufres mexico
geothermal system. Contribution mineral Petrol 91:235–244
Christie DM, Sinton JM (1981) Evolution of abyssal lavas along propagating segments of the
Galapagos spreading center. Earth Planet Sci Lett v56:321–335
Christensen NI (1978) Ophiolites, seismic velocities and oceanic crustal structure. Tectonophysics 47:131–157
104
4 Sea Floor Rocks
Allerton SR, Searle RC, Burton B (1996) Bathymetric segmentation and faulting on the MidAtlantic Ridge, 24°00
0 N to 24°40
0 N: In tectonic magmatic, hydrothermal and Biological
segmentation of Mid Ocean Ridges. In:MacLeod CJ, Tyler TA, Walker CL (eds) Geological
Society Special Publication, London 118:29–48
Aumento F, Loubat M (1971) The Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 45°N: serpentinized ultramafic
intrusions. Can J Earth Scie 8:633–663
Auzende J-M, Cornen G, Juteau T, Lagabrielle Y, Lensch G, Mevel C, Nicolas A, Prichard H,
Ribeiro A, Vanney JR (group CYAGOR 11) (1982) The Gorringe Bank: first results of
submersible expedition. CYAGOR 11, Terra Cognita 2:123–130
Auzende J-M, Bideau D, Bonatti E, Cannat M, Honnorez J, Lagabrielle Y, Malavieille J,
Mamaloukas-Frangoulis V, Mevel C (1989) Direct observation of a section through slowspreading oceanic crust. Nature 337:726–729
Batiza R, Niu Y, Karsten JL, Boger W, Potts E, Norby L, Butler R (1996) Steady and non-steady
state magma chambers below the East Pacific Rise. Geophys Res Lett 23(3):221–224
Bazylev BA, Silantiev SA (2000) Geodynamic interpretation of the subsolidus recrystallization of
mantle spinel peridotite 1. Mid-ocean ridges. Petrology 8(3) 2:91–213
Bideau D, Hekinian R (1995) A dynamic model for generating small-scale heterogeneities in
ocean floor basalt. Jour Geophys Res 100:10141–10162
Blackman DK, Cann JR, Janssen B, Smith DK (1998) Origin of extensional core complexes:
evidence from the MAR at Atlantis fracture zone. J Geophys Res 103:21315–21334
Blackman DK, Karson JA, Kelley DS, Cann JR, Früh-Green GL, Gee JS, Hurst SD, John BE,
Morgan J, Nooner SL, Ross DK, Schroeder TJ, Williams EA (2004) Geology of the Atlantis
Massif (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 30°N): implications for the evolution of an ultramafic oceanic
core complex. Mar Geophys Res 23(5–6):443–469
Bonatti E (1976) Serpentinized protrusions in the oceanic crust. Earth Planet Sci Lett 32:107–113
Bonatti E, Clocchiatti E, Bonatti R, Clocchiatti P, Colantoni R, Gelmini G, Marinelli G, Ottonello
R, Santacroce M, Taviani AA, Abdel-Meguid HS, Assaf, El Tahi MA (1983) Zabargad (St.
John’s) Island: an uplifted fragment of sub-Red Sea lithosphere. J Geol Soc 140(4):677–690
Bonatti E, Ligi M, Brunetti D, Cipriani A, Fabretti P, Vlentina Ferrante V, Gasparini L, Ottolini L
(2003) Mantle thermal pulses below the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and temporal variations in the
formation of oceanic lithosphere. Nature 423:499–505
Boillot G, Giradeau S, Kornpobst J (1988) The rifting of galicia margin: crustal thinning and
emplacement of mantle rocks on the sea floor. Proc Ocean Drill Program Sci Results
103:741–756
Boillot G, Besler MO, Krawczyk CM, Rappin D, Reston TJ (1995) The formation of passive
margins: constraints from the crustal structure and segmentation of the deep galicia margin
(Spain). Geol Soc Spec publ N°90:71–91
Cannat M, Casey JF (1995) An ultramafic lift at the Mid-Atlantic ridge: successive stages of
magmatism in serpentinized peridotites from the 15°N region. In: Vissers RLM, Nicholas A
(Eds) Mantle and lower crust exposed in oceanic ridges and ophiolites, Kluwer Academic
Publications, p 5–34
Charpentier S, Kornprobst J, Chazot G, Cornen G, Boillot G (1998) Interaction entre lithosphère
et asthénosphère au cours de l’ouverture océanique: données isotopiques préliminaires sur la
marge passive de Galice (Atlantique-Nord). Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des sciences,
Sciences de la Terre et des Planètes 326:757–762
Chatelineua M, Niva D (1985) A chlorite solution geothermometer. The loz azufres mexico
geothermal system. Contribution mineral Petrol 91:235–244
Christie DM, Sinton JM (1981) Evolution of abyssal lavas along propagating segments of the
Galapagos spreading center. Earth Planet Sci Lett v56:321–335
Christensen NI (1978) Ophiolites, seismic velocities and oceanic crustal structure. Tectonophysics 47:131–157
104
4 Sea Floor Rocks