xiv
Contents
Part III Sketching a Chronology for the Exploration and
Colonization of the Pacific
18 Dating the Last Migration to New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
18.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
18.2 The Historicity of the Heke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
18.3 Analysing Variation in the Lengths of Canoe Genealogies . . . 308
18.4 Basic Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
18.5 Statistical Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
18.6 Historical Evidence that the Canoes of the Heke
Were Contemporaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
18.7 Rarotongan Heke Traditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
18.8 Historical Evidence for Migration Fleets . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
18.9 Dating the Last Great Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
19 Correlation of Significant Voyaging Activity with Rare
Extreme Climate Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
19.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
19.2 ENSO Low Nile Flood Proxy Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
19.3 Sketching a Chronology for Long-Distance Voyaging . . . . . 330
19.4 Dating the First Eastern Polynesian Migrations to Hawaii . . . 332
19.5 Dating the Birth of Hema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
19.6 Sketching a Robust Chronology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
19.7 Two Polynesian Voyages of Exploration to the Antarctic . . . 336
19.8 Correlation of Significant Voyaging Activity
with Rare Extreme Climate Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
19.9 Dating the Navigators’ Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
19.10 A Climate-Correlated Chronology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
19.11 El Niño-Driven Migration in the Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
20 Dating the First Migration to New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
20.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
20.2 A Chronicle of Survivors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
20.3 Establishing a Generation Length for the Tamahiwaki Line . . 350
20.4 Computing First Settlement Dates for the Chatham
Islands and for New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
20.5 A Near-Extinction Event in the Early History of
New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
20.6 The Moriori Law of Non-violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
20.7 Constructing a Chronology for Moriori Prehistory . . . . . . . 358
20.8 The Early Prehistory of New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
20.9 Suggesting a Chronology for Some Early Migrations
to New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
20.10 Some Implications of Our Chronological Method and Results . 363
Contents
Part III Sketching a Chronology for the Exploration and
Colonization of the Pacific
18 Dating the Last Migration to New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
18.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
18.2 The Historicity of the Heke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
18.3 Analysing Variation in the Lengths of Canoe Genealogies . . . 308
18.4 Basic Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
18.5 Statistical Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
18.6 Historical Evidence that the Canoes of the Heke
Were Contemporaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
18.7 Rarotongan Heke Traditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
18.8 Historical Evidence for Migration Fleets . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
18.9 Dating the Last Great Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
19 Correlation of Significant Voyaging Activity with Rare
Extreme Climate Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
19.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
19.2 ENSO Low Nile Flood Proxy Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
19.3 Sketching a Chronology for Long-Distance Voyaging . . . . . 330
19.4 Dating the First Eastern Polynesian Migrations to Hawaii . . . 332
19.5 Dating the Birth of Hema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
19.6 Sketching a Robust Chronology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
19.7 Two Polynesian Voyages of Exploration to the Antarctic . . . 336
19.8 Correlation of Significant Voyaging Activity
with Rare Extreme Climate Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
19.9 Dating the Navigators’ Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
19.10 A Climate-Correlated Chronology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
19.11 El Niño-Driven Migration in the Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
20 Dating the First Migration to New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
20.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
20.2 A Chronicle of Survivors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
20.3 Establishing a Generation Length for the Tamahiwaki Line . . 350
20.4 Computing First Settlement Dates for the Chatham
Islands and for New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
20.5 A Near-Extinction Event in the Early History of
New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
20.6 The Moriori Law of Non-violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
20.7 Constructing a Chronology for Moriori Prehistory . . . . . . . 358
20.8 The Early Prehistory of New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
20.9 Suggesting a Chronology for Some Early Migrations
to New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
20.10 Some Implications of Our Chronological Method and Results . 363