16
Land-Ocean SYstems in the Siberian Arctic: Dynamics and History
The results of separate modeling of wind-driven and thermohaline water circulation showed that
the main contribution (60 - 80 %) to formation of the sea level surface and general water
circulation in the seasonal and climatic time scales are thermohaline currents.
The minimum sea level values (and currents) for the Laptev Sea are in April - May and the
maximum in July during maximum ice melting, increasing of water temperature and intensive
river run-off. The second maximum of seasonal sea-level variability is recorded in October due
to intensification of western winds over the Laptev sea.
The main features of the spatial structure of the sea level are relatively high sea level in
coastal zone and relatively low sea level in center part of the Laptev sea.
The main feature of the water circulation is a cyclonic gyre in the central part of the Laptev
Sea. Its position and intensity showed an essential seasonal and interannual variability.
There is a positive trend in the interannual variability of the sea level in the Laptev sea area.
The authors believe that a possible reason of such climatic sea level increasing is the shift of the
general water circulation of the Laptev sea from a cyclonic to an anticyclonic type due to
climatic changes in the Arctic Ocean.
References
Arctic Ocean Atlas (1980) Atlas of the Oceans. The Arctic Ocean, Gorshkov, S.G (ed.) (in Russian). Izd-vo MO
SSSR, VMF, Moscow, 190pp.
Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice, 1978-1987 (1992) Satellite Passive-Microwave Observations and Analysis. NASA,
SP-511,290pp.
Carmach, E.C., R.W. Macdonald, R.G. Perkin, F.A. McLaughlin and R.J. Pearson (1995) Evidens for warming
of Atlantic Water in the Southern Canadian Basin of the Arctic Ocean: Results from the Larsen-93
Expedition. Geophys. Res. Letters, 22, (9), 1061-1064.
Gordienko, P.A. and D.B. Karelin (1945) Problems of the ice shift and distribution in the Arctic Basin (in
Russian). Probl. Arctik., 3, 5-35.
Dobrovolsky, A.D. and B.S. Zalogin (1982) Seas of the USSR (in Russian). Moskovskiy Universitet, Moscow,
192pp.
Dvorkin, E.N., Yu.V Zakharov and N.V. Mustafin (1978) On the causes of seasonal and multiyear variability of
the level of the Laptev and East-Siberian Seas (in Russian). Trudi AARI, 349, 60-68.
Joint-U.S.-Russian Atlas of the Arctic Ocean (1997) Joint-U.S.-Russian Atlas of the Arctic Ocean (on CDROM). National Snow and Ice Data Center, Environmental Working Group, Boulder, Colorado.
Nikiforov, E.G. and A.O. Shpaykher (1980) Formation of large scale oscillation of hydrological regime of the
Arctic Ocean (in Russian). Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 270pp.
Romanov, LP.(1992) The ice cover of the Arctic Ocean (in Russian). Gidrometeoizdat, AARI, St.Petersburg,
211pp.
Killworth, P.D., B. Stamforth, B.J. Webb and S.M. Peterson (1987) A free surface Bryan-Cox-Semtner model.
J.Phys.Ocean, 17:7
Marchuk, GJ. and AS Sarkisyan (1980) Mathematical models of the circulation in the ocean (in Russian). Izdvo Nauka, Novosibirsk, 167pp.
Marchuk, GJ. and AS Sarkisyan (1988) Mathematical modeling of the oceanic circulation (in Russian). Izd-vo
Nauka, Moscow, 302pp.
Oey, L.-Y., G.L. Mellor and R.L Nires (1985) A three-dimensional simulation of the Hudson-Raritan Estuary.
Part I: Description of the model and model simulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15:4.
Pavlov, V.K., L.A. Timokhov, G.A. Baskakov, M.Yu. Kulakov, V.K. Kurazhov, P.V. Pavlov, S.V.
Pivovarov and V.V. Stanovoy (1996) Hydrometeorological Regime of the Kara, Laptev, and East-Siberian
Seas (with an Introduction by Jamie Morison). Technical Memorandum APL-UW TMI-96, January 1996,
APL, Un. of Washington, Seattle, 179pp.
Pavlov, V.K. and M.Yu. Kulakov (1994) Development and implementation of a computer code for modeling the
dispersion pollutants in the Arctic Ocean. IAEA, Technical Report 74591RBffC, Vienna, 97 pp.
Polyakov, LV. and L.A Timokhov (1994) Mean fields of temperature and salinity of the Arctic Ocean (in
Russian). Meteorol.& Gidrolog., 7, 68-74.
Proshutinsky, A and M. Johnson (1996) Two regimes of Arctic Ocean circulation from ocean models and
observations. Abstract of poster presented at the 1996 Ocean Sciences Meeting, San Diego, CA. EOS
(supplement), 76, (3), OS29.
Terms. Notions. Reference Tables, (1980) Annex for Atlas of the Oceans, Gorshkov, S.G (ed.) (in Russian). Izdvo MO SSSR, VMF, Moscow, 156pp.
Land-Ocean SYstems in the Siberian Arctic: Dynamics and History
The results of separate modeling of wind-driven and thermohaline water circulation showed that
the main contribution (60 - 80 %) to formation of the sea level surface and general water
circulation in the seasonal and climatic time scales are thermohaline currents.
The minimum sea level values (and currents) for the Laptev Sea are in April - May and the
maximum in July during maximum ice melting, increasing of water temperature and intensive
river run-off. The second maximum of seasonal sea-level variability is recorded in October due
to intensification of western winds over the Laptev sea.
The main features of the spatial structure of the sea level are relatively high sea level in
coastal zone and relatively low sea level in center part of the Laptev sea.
The main feature of the water circulation is a cyclonic gyre in the central part of the Laptev
Sea. Its position and intensity showed an essential seasonal and interannual variability.
There is a positive trend in the interannual variability of the sea level in the Laptev sea area.
The authors believe that a possible reason of such climatic sea level increasing is the shift of the
general water circulation of the Laptev sea from a cyclonic to an anticyclonic type due to
climatic changes in the Arctic Ocean.
References
Arctic Ocean Atlas (1980) Atlas of the Oceans. The Arctic Ocean, Gorshkov, S.G (ed.) (in Russian). Izd-vo MO
SSSR, VMF, Moscow, 190pp.
Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice, 1978-1987 (1992) Satellite Passive-Microwave Observations and Analysis. NASA,
SP-511,290pp.
Carmach, E.C., R.W. Macdonald, R.G. Perkin, F.A. McLaughlin and R.J. Pearson (1995) Evidens for warming
of Atlantic Water in the Southern Canadian Basin of the Arctic Ocean: Results from the Larsen-93
Expedition. Geophys. Res. Letters, 22, (9), 1061-1064.
Gordienko, P.A. and D.B. Karelin (1945) Problems of the ice shift and distribution in the Arctic Basin (in
Russian). Probl. Arctik., 3, 5-35.
Dobrovolsky, A.D. and B.S. Zalogin (1982) Seas of the USSR (in Russian). Moskovskiy Universitet, Moscow,
192pp.
Dvorkin, E.N., Yu.V Zakharov and N.V. Mustafin (1978) On the causes of seasonal and multiyear variability of
the level of the Laptev and East-Siberian Seas (in Russian). Trudi AARI, 349, 60-68.
Joint-U.S.-Russian Atlas of the Arctic Ocean (1997) Joint-U.S.-Russian Atlas of the Arctic Ocean (on CDROM). National Snow and Ice Data Center, Environmental Working Group, Boulder, Colorado.
Nikiforov, E.G. and A.O. Shpaykher (1980) Formation of large scale oscillation of hydrological regime of the
Arctic Ocean (in Russian). Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 270pp.
Romanov, LP.(1992) The ice cover of the Arctic Ocean (in Russian). Gidrometeoizdat, AARI, St.Petersburg,
211pp.
Killworth, P.D., B. Stamforth, B.J. Webb and S.M. Peterson (1987) A free surface Bryan-Cox-Semtner model.
J.Phys.Ocean, 17:7
Marchuk, GJ. and AS Sarkisyan (1980) Mathematical models of the circulation in the ocean (in Russian). Izdvo Nauka, Novosibirsk, 167pp.
Marchuk, GJ. and AS Sarkisyan (1988) Mathematical modeling of the oceanic circulation (in Russian). Izd-vo
Nauka, Moscow, 302pp.
Oey, L.-Y., G.L. Mellor and R.L Nires (1985) A three-dimensional simulation of the Hudson-Raritan Estuary.
Part I: Description of the model and model simulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15:4.
Pavlov, V.K., L.A. Timokhov, G.A. Baskakov, M.Yu. Kulakov, V.K. Kurazhov, P.V. Pavlov, S.V.
Pivovarov and V.V. Stanovoy (1996) Hydrometeorological Regime of the Kara, Laptev, and East-Siberian
Seas (with an Introduction by Jamie Morison). Technical Memorandum APL-UW TMI-96, January 1996,
APL, Un. of Washington, Seattle, 179pp.
Pavlov, V.K. and M.Yu. Kulakov (1994) Development and implementation of a computer code for modeling the
dispersion pollutants in the Arctic Ocean. IAEA, Technical Report 74591RBffC, Vienna, 97 pp.
Polyakov, LV. and L.A Timokhov (1994) Mean fields of temperature and salinity of the Arctic Ocean (in
Russian). Meteorol.& Gidrolog., 7, 68-74.
Proshutinsky, A and M. Johnson (1996) Two regimes of Arctic Ocean circulation from ocean models and
observations. Abstract of poster presented at the 1996 Ocean Sciences Meeting, San Diego, CA. EOS
(supplement), 76, (3), OS29.
Terms. Notions. Reference Tables, (1980) Annex for Atlas of the Oceans, Gorshkov, S.G (ed.) (in Russian). Izdvo MO SSSR, VMF, Moscow, 156pp.