Chemova: Carepoctus solidus n.sp. a New Species of Lip arid Fish
187
been suggested (Andriashev, 1990, 1991). The view is that because the Bering Strait has been
shallow for a long time it probably did not allow deep-living genera such as Paraliparis and
Careproctus (which have no planctonic larvae) to penetrate from the North Pacific directly into
the Arctic. For these secondary deep-sea liparids another dispersal route, much more
complicated, was proposed: (I) dispersion from their place of origin in the North Pacific south
to the Patagonian-West Antarctic area and there evolving to form a rich secondary centre of
speciation; (2) after the tectonic opening of the Drake Passage these southern hemisphere Iiparid
fishes were able to penetrate into the western South Atlantic and from there disperse again
northward into the depths of the North Atlantic and Polar Basins where some II endemic
species have evolved. This scenario is supported by the discovery of a new species of
Paraliparis (P. abyssorum) in the eastern North Atlantic (Andriashev and Chern ova 1997) that
is morphologically closely related to the Arctic P. bathybius.
The morphological type represented by C. solidus does not allow relating it to any known
Careproctus from either the Arctic shelf or north Atlantic waters. It resembles C. reinhardti in
some characters, but differs in many significant features; it is also quite far away from the north
Pacific group of prickled species (c. mederi, C. rastrinus etc.); so these too should not be
regarded as closely related. Thus the question of the origin of C. solidus at depth in the Polar
Basin is still open. It is, however, the second such example among the deep-sea Jiparids of the
Polar Basins; the other is the morphologically unique Rh. regina for which closely related
species are also unknown.
References
Able, K.W. and W. Irion (1985) Distribution and reproductive seasonality of snailfishes in the St. Lawrence
River estuary and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Can. J. Zool., 63 (7), 1622-1628.
Andriashev A.P. (1948) To the knowledge of the fishes of the Laptev Sea (in Russian). Trudy Zool. Inst. AN
SSSR, 7, 76-100.
Andriashev, A.P. (1954) Fishes of the northern seas of the USSR (in Russian). Izd-vo AN SSSR, MoscowLeningrad. 556 pp. English translation: (1964) Israel Progr. Sci. Transl. (836), 617 pp.
Andriashev, A.P. (1990) On a probability of the transocean (non-Arctic) pathways of some North Pacific
secondary deep-sea fishes into the North Atlantic and Arctic depths (Family Liparidac as an example) (in
Russian). Zoo I. J. (Moscow), 69 (I), 61-67.
Andriashev, A.P. (1991) Possible pathways of Paraliparis (Pisces: Liparidae) and some other North Pacific
secondary deep-sea fishes into North Atlantic and Arctic depth. Polar BioI., 11,213-218.
Andriashev, A.P. and N.V. Chernova (1988) New species of the genus Careproctus (Liparididae) from the
Porcupine Seabight at a depth of 4 km (in Russian). Voprosy ikhtiologii (Moscow), 28 (6),1023-1026.
Andriashev, AP. and N.V. Chernova (1993) Annotated list of fish-like vertebrates and fishes of the Arctic seas
and adjacent waters (in Russian). Voprosy ikhtiologii (Moscow), 34 (4), 435-456. English translation:
J.lchthyol. (1995), 35 (I), 81-123.
Andriashev, AP. and N.V. Chern ova (1997) Two new species of snailfishes (Liparidae, Scorpaeniformes) from
the abyssal depth of the eastern North Atlantic (in Russian). Voprosy ikhtiologii (Moscow), 37 (4), 437-443.
Andriashev, A.P. and D.L. Stein (in press) Review of the snailfish genus Careproctus (Liparidae,
Scorpaeniformes) in the Antarctic. Contrib. Sci. Los Angeles County Mus.
Chern ova, N.V. (1991) Snailfishes (Liparididae) from the Eurasian Arctic (in Russian). Kol'sky nauchn. Tzentr,
Apatity, III pp.
Chern ova, N.V. and AV. Neyelov (1995) Fish caught in the Laptev Sea during the cruise of RV "Polarstern" in
1993. Ber. Polarforsch., 176, 222-227.
Collett, R. (1879) Fiske fra Nordhavs-Expeditionens sidste Togt, sommeren 1878. Forh. Vidensk. Selsk. Krist.,
(1878), 14, 1-106.
Goode, G.B. and T.N. Bean (1880) Description of the new species of Liparis (L. ranula) obtained by the United
States Fish Commission off Halifax, Nova Scotia. Proc.U.S.Nat. Mus., 2, 46-48.
Gunther, A. (1887) Report on the deep-sea fishes collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the year 1873-76.
Challenger Reports, Zool., 22, 66-70.
Kido K. (1988) Phylogeny of the family Liparididae, with the taxonomy of the species found around Japan.
Mem. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ., 35 (2), 125-256.
Kr0yer, H. (1862) Nogle bidrag til nordisk Ichthyologie. Naturhistorisk. Tidskrift, 3 (1), 252-310.
Liitken, Ch.F. (1898) The ichthyological results. The Danish Ingolf Expedition, 2, 14-18.
187
been suggested (Andriashev, 1990, 1991). The view is that because the Bering Strait has been
shallow for a long time it probably did not allow deep-living genera such as Paraliparis and
Careproctus (which have no planctonic larvae) to penetrate from the North Pacific directly into
the Arctic. For these secondary deep-sea liparids another dispersal route, much more
complicated, was proposed: (I) dispersion from their place of origin in the North Pacific south
to the Patagonian-West Antarctic area and there evolving to form a rich secondary centre of
speciation; (2) after the tectonic opening of the Drake Passage these southern hemisphere Iiparid
fishes were able to penetrate into the western South Atlantic and from there disperse again
northward into the depths of the North Atlantic and Polar Basins where some II endemic
species have evolved. This scenario is supported by the discovery of a new species of
Paraliparis (P. abyssorum) in the eastern North Atlantic (Andriashev and Chern ova 1997) that
is morphologically closely related to the Arctic P. bathybius.
The morphological type represented by C. solidus does not allow relating it to any known
Careproctus from either the Arctic shelf or north Atlantic waters. It resembles C. reinhardti in
some characters, but differs in many significant features; it is also quite far away from the north
Pacific group of prickled species (c. mederi, C. rastrinus etc.); so these too should not be
regarded as closely related. Thus the question of the origin of C. solidus at depth in the Polar
Basin is still open. It is, however, the second such example among the deep-sea Jiparids of the
Polar Basins; the other is the morphologically unique Rh. regina for which closely related
species are also unknown.
References
Able, K.W. and W. Irion (1985) Distribution and reproductive seasonality of snailfishes in the St. Lawrence
River estuary and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Can. J. Zool., 63 (7), 1622-1628.
Andriashev A.P. (1948) To the knowledge of the fishes of the Laptev Sea (in Russian). Trudy Zool. Inst. AN
SSSR, 7, 76-100.
Andriashev, A.P. (1954) Fishes of the northern seas of the USSR (in Russian). Izd-vo AN SSSR, MoscowLeningrad. 556 pp. English translation: (1964) Israel Progr. Sci. Transl. (836), 617 pp.
Andriashev, A.P. (1990) On a probability of the transocean (non-Arctic) pathways of some North Pacific
secondary deep-sea fishes into the North Atlantic and Arctic depths (Family Liparidac as an example) (in
Russian). Zoo I. J. (Moscow), 69 (I), 61-67.
Andriashev, A.P. (1991) Possible pathways of Paraliparis (Pisces: Liparidae) and some other North Pacific
secondary deep-sea fishes into North Atlantic and Arctic depth. Polar BioI., 11,213-218.
Andriashev, A.P. and N.V. Chernova (1988) New species of the genus Careproctus (Liparididae) from the
Porcupine Seabight at a depth of 4 km (in Russian). Voprosy ikhtiologii (Moscow), 28 (6),1023-1026.
Andriashev, AP. and N.V. Chernova (1993) Annotated list of fish-like vertebrates and fishes of the Arctic seas
and adjacent waters (in Russian). Voprosy ikhtiologii (Moscow), 34 (4), 435-456. English translation:
J.lchthyol. (1995), 35 (I), 81-123.
Andriashev, AP. and N.V. Chern ova (1997) Two new species of snailfishes (Liparidae, Scorpaeniformes) from
the abyssal depth of the eastern North Atlantic (in Russian). Voprosy ikhtiologii (Moscow), 37 (4), 437-443.
Andriashev, A.P. and D.L. Stein (in press) Review of the snailfish genus Careproctus (Liparidae,
Scorpaeniformes) in the Antarctic. Contrib. Sci. Los Angeles County Mus.
Chern ova, N.V. (1991) Snailfishes (Liparididae) from the Eurasian Arctic (in Russian). Kol'sky nauchn. Tzentr,
Apatity, III pp.
Chern ova, N.V. and AV. Neyelov (1995) Fish caught in the Laptev Sea during the cruise of RV "Polarstern" in
1993. Ber. Polarforsch., 176, 222-227.
Collett, R. (1879) Fiske fra Nordhavs-Expeditionens sidste Togt, sommeren 1878. Forh. Vidensk. Selsk. Krist.,
(1878), 14, 1-106.
Goode, G.B. and T.N. Bean (1880) Description of the new species of Liparis (L. ranula) obtained by the United
States Fish Commission off Halifax, Nova Scotia. Proc.U.S.Nat. Mus., 2, 46-48.
Gunther, A. (1887) Report on the deep-sea fishes collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the year 1873-76.
Challenger Reports, Zool., 22, 66-70.
Kido K. (1988) Phylogeny of the family Liparididae, with the taxonomy of the species found around Japan.
Mem. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ., 35 (2), 125-256.
Kr0yer, H. (1862) Nogle bidrag til nordisk Ichthyologie. Naturhistorisk. Tidskrift, 3 (1), 252-310.
Liitken, Ch.F. (1898) The ichthyological results. The Danish Ingolf Expedition, 2, 14-18.